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New Life Movement
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== Doctrines and principal beliefs == Chiang Kai-shek's September 1934 speech stated that the New Life Movement aimed at the "promotion of a regular life guided by the four virtues," – '[[Li (Confucianism)|Lǐ]]' (proper rite), ''[[Yi (Confucianism)|Yì]]' (righteousness or justice), ''lián ''(honesty and cleanness) ''and chǐ'' (shame; sense of right and wrong)''. These virtues, he went on, :must be applied to ordinary life in the matter of food, clothing, shelter, and action. The four virtues are the essential principles for the promotion of morality. They form the major rules for dealing with men and human affairs, for cultivating oneself and for adjustment to one's surroundings. Whoever violates these rules is bound to fail, and a nation that neglects them will not survive." {{sfnb|Chiang|1934|p = [http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/chiang_kaishek_new_life.pdf 1]}} Chiang later extended the four virtues to eight by the addition of "Promptness", "Precision," "Harmoniousness," and "Dignity". These elements were summarized in two basic forms: "cleanliness" and "discipline" and were viewed as the first step in achieving a "new life". People were encouraged to engage in modern polite behaviour, such as not to spit, urinate or sneeze in public. They were encouraged to adopt good table manners such as not making noises when eating.<ref name=":3" /> Nearly 100 such rules governed everyday life.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Kim |first=Suzy |title=Everyday life in the North Korean revolution, 1945-1950 |date=2016 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-1-5017-0568-7 |location=Ithaca |pages=30–31 |oclc=950929415}}</ref>
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