Editing Newhaven (section)

==Port==
{{main|Port of Newhaven}}

[[File:Newhaven Marina and Port - geograph.org.uk - 1216489.jpg|thumb|right|View of Newhaven marina & ferry port]]
[[File:BL6inchGunMkVIINewhavenFort1March2008.jpg|right|thumb|Newhaven fort]]
Although there are some signs of the derelict facilities that serviced the former [[train ferry]] operations, the port still sees a great deal of freight and passengers movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mainlymono.co.uk/newhaven/index.html|title=Newhaven Harbour Pictures|website=www.mainlymono.co.uk|access-date=15 May 2008|archive-date=23 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323172139/http://www.mainlymono.co.uk/newhaven/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> International ferries run to the French port of [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime]], operated by [[DFDS Seaways France|DFDS Seaways]].<ref name=AFerry>{{cite web|url=http://www.aferry.co.uk/UKFerry/newhaven-ferry-uk.htm|title=Newhaven Ferry. Compare Prices, Times & Book Cheap Tickets|website=www.aferry.co.uk|access-date=12 February 2008|archive-date=4 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704193530/http://www.aferry.co.uk/UKFerry/newhaven-ferry-uk.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> There are two outbound sailings per day, one in the morning and one in the evening, using the 18,654 GT [[Roll-on/roll-off|ro-ro]] ferry [[MS Côte D'Albâtre|MS ''Côte D'Albâtre'']].<ref name=DFDSSeaways>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfdsseaways.co.uk/onboard-our-ferries/newhaven-dieppe/|title=Onboard Facilities - Newhaven to Dieppe Ferries - DFDS|website=www.dfdsseaways.co.uk|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085305/https://www.dfdsseaways.co.uk/onboard-our-ferries/newhaven-dieppe/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rail passengers wishing to connect with the ferries are advised nationally to travel to {{stnlnk|Newhaven Town}}, and then use the free bus service; this has resulted in a dramatic fall in passenger services at {{stnlnk|Newhaven Harbour}}, leading to questions regarding its future and that of {{stnlnk|Newhaven Marine}}.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

The port is the proposed main landside site for [[E.ON]]'s development of the offshore-[[Rampion Wind Farm]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/local/newhaven-port-reveals-how-the-rampion-wind-farm-will-help-secure-its-future-1-4359188|title=Newhaven Port reveals how the Rampion wind farm will help secure its future|publisher=[[Sussex Express]]|date=12 October 2012|access-date=10 February 2013|archive-date=19 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019195154/http://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/local/newhaven-port-reveals-how-the-rampion-wind-farm-will-help-secure-its-future-1-4359188|url-status=live}}</ref>

===History===
The village was of little maritime importance until the opening of the railway line to [[Lewes]] in 1847. In 1848, the exiled French King [[Louis Philippe I]] landed here in disguise after abdicating his throne.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ho Chi Minh and other notables in Newhaven|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ho-chi-minh-in-newhaven-from-pastry-chef-in-east-sussex-to-patriotic-leader-of-vietnam-10157622.html|access-date=7 December 2017|newspaper=The Independent|date=5 April 2015|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003610/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ho-chi-minh-in-newhaven-from-pastry-chef-in-east-sussex-to-patriotic-leader-of-vietnam-10157622.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[London, Brighton & South Coast Railway]] (LB&SCR) constructed their own wharf and facilities on the east side of the river, and opened the [[Newhaven harbour railway station]]. The railway also funded the dredging of the channel and other improvements to the harbour between 1850 and 1878, to enable it to be used by cross-channel ferries,<ref>{{cite book |last=Pratt |first=Edwin |year=1921 |title=British railways and the Great War |publisher=Selwyn & Blount |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092566136 |oclc=1850596}} p.1032–1033.</ref> and in 1863 the LB&SCR and the Chemin de Fer de l'Ouest introduced the Newhaven-Dieppe passenger service.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jordan |first=S |title=Ferry Services of the London, Brighton & South Coast Railway |publisher=The Oakwood Press |year=1998 |location=Usk, UK |isbn=0-85361-521-7}}</ref> The harbour was officially recognised as 'The Port of Newhaven' in 1882.<ref name=official>{{cite book |year=1912 |title=The Official Guide to the London Brighton and South Coast Railway |publisher=Cassell |pages=260–262 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HO5RAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> Imports at that time included French farm products and manufactures, timber, granite and slates.<ref name=official/><ref name=EX123>{{cite map |title=Eastbourne and Beachy Head| scale=1:25 000 |publisher=Ordnance Survey |edition=B2 |series=OS Explorer Map |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-319-24082-3}}</ref>

Newhaven harbour was designated as the principal port for the movement of men and [[materiel]] to the European continent during the [[First World War]] and was taken over by the military authorities and the ferries requisitioned for the duration of the war. Between 22 September 1916 and 2 December 1918, the port and town of Newhaven were designated a 'Special Military Area' under the 'Defence of the Realm Regulations', and the Harbour station was closed to the public.<ref>Pratt, ''British railways and the Great War'', p.1033.</ref> The port and harbour facilities, rail sidings and warehousing were greatly enlarged at this time and electric lighting installed to allow for 24-hour operation.

During the [[Second World War]], large numbers of Canadian troops were stationed at Newhaven, and the ill-fated [[Dieppe Raid]] in 1942 was largely launched from the harbour.

When the high-profile gambler and murder-suspect [[John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan|Lord Lucan]] vanished in 1974, his car was found abandoned in Norman Road, Newhaven, with traces of blood matching the blood-groups of his children's nanny Sandra Rivett, whom he is believed to have murdered, and his wife, whom he had attempted to murder, according to her testimony. The Newhaven location suggested that he had taken the cross-channel ferry, but no confirmed sighting of him was ever made.<ref>Ranson, Roy; Strange, Robert (1994), Looking for Lucan, Smith Gryphon Limited, ISBN 978-1-85685-069-8 pp. 104–106.</ref>

===Lifeboat===
The [[Newhaven Lifeboat Station|Newhaven Lifeboat]], the first of which was commissioned in 1803, is among the oldest in Britain, and was established some 20 years before the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]. The town established the [[Lifeboat (rescue)|rescue lifeboat]] in response to the wreck of [[HMS Brazen (1798)|HMS ''Brazen'']] in January 1800, from which only one man of her crew of some 105 men could be saved.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newhavenlifeboat.co.uk/|title=Welcome To Newhaven Lifeboat|website=www.newhavenlifeboat.co.uk|access-date=15 May 2008|archive-date=15 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515210210/http://www.newhavenlifeboat.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref> The town used a combination of funds raised locally and contributed by [[Lloyd's of London]] to purchase a lifeboat built to [[Henry Greathead]]'s "Original" design. Newhaven also has one of the Watch stations of the [[National Coastwatch Institution]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061004034125/http://ncinewhaven.org.uk/ Newhaven NCI]}}</ref>