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Non-photorealistic rendering
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==3D== [[File:Planar core assembly exploded.png|thumb|An example of NPR used for [[technical illustration]]s]] Three-dimensional NPR is the style that is most commonly seen in video games and movies. The output from this technique is almost always a [[polygonal modeling|3D model]] that has been modified from the original input model to portray a new artistic style. In many cases, the [[solid geometry|geometry]] of the model is identical to the original geometry, and only the material applied to the surface is modified. With increased availability of programmable [[GPU]]'s, [[shaders]] have allowed NPR effects to be applied to the [[rasterised]] image that is to be displayed to the screen.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Drew |first1=Card |chapter=Non-Photorealistic Rendering with Pixel and Vertex Shaders |date=2002 |pages=319β333 |citeseerx=10.1.1.360.918 |editor1-first=Wolfgang F. |editor1-last=Engel |title=Direct3D Shaderx: Vertex & Pixel Shader Tips and Techniques |series=87Wordware Game Developer's Library |publisher=Wordware Publishing |isbn=978-1-55622-041-8 }}</ref> The majority of NPR techniques applied to 3D geometry are intended to make the scene appear two-dimensional. NPR techniques for 3D images include [[cel shading]] and [[Gooch shading]]. Many methods can be used to draw stylized outlines and strokes from 3D models, including [[occluding contours]] and [[Suggestive contours]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=BΓ©nard |first1=Pierre |last2=Hertzmann |first2=Aaron |title=Line Drawings from 3D Models: A Tutorial |journal=Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision |date=2019 |volume=11 |issue=1β2 |pages=1β159 |doi=10.1561/0600000075 |arxiv=1810.01175 |s2cid=52912187 }}</ref> For enhanced legibility, the most useful [[technical illustration]]s for [[technical communication]] are not necessarily photorealistic. Non-photorealistic renderings, such as [[exploded view]] diagrams, greatly assist in showing placement of parts in a complex system. Cartoon rendering, also called [[cel shading]] or toon shading, is a non-photorealistic rendering technique used to give 3D computer graphics a flat, cartoon-like appearance. Its defining feature is the use of distinct shading colors rather than smooth gradients, producing a look reminiscent of comic books or animated films. This technique is often used to blend 3D objects and environments with 2D hand-animated elements while maintaining a consistent look. [[Treasure Planet]] movie by Disney is an example of blending these techniques.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Cameron Roy |date=2023-01-21 |title=Treasure Planet's Animation Was Even More 3D Than It Seems |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1168766/treasure-planets-animation-was-even-more-3d-than-it-seems/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=SlashFilm |language=en-US}}</ref>
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