Editing Nucleoplasm (section)

== Role ==
Many important cell functions take place in the nucleus, more specifically in the nucleoplasm. The main function of the nucleoplasm is to provide the proper environment for essential processes that take place in the nucleus, serving as the suspension substance for all organelles inside the nucleus, and storing the structures that are used in these processes.<ref name="proteinatlas_nucleoplasm"/> 34% of [[protein]]s encoded in the [[human genome]] are ones that localize to the nucleoplasm.<ref name="proteinatlas_nucleoplasm"/> These proteins take part in [[RNA transcription]] and [[gene regulation]] in the nucleoplasm.<ref name="proteinatlas_nucleoplasm"/> Proteins located in the nucleoplasm are involved in the activation of genes that are used in the cell cycle.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Kalverda|first1=Bernike|last2=Pickersgill|first2=Helen|last3=Shloma|first3=Victor V. |last4=Fornerod|first4=Maarten|date=2010|title=Nucleoporins Directly Stimulate Expression of Developmental and Cell-Cycle Genes Inside the Nucleoplasm|journal= Cell|volume=140|issue=3|pages=306-383<!--web version says 360-371?-->|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.011|pmid=20144760|s2cid=17260209|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some nucleoporins which typically make up the [[nuclear pore]], can be mobile and participate in the regulation of gene expression in the nucleoplasm.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Khan|first1=Asmat Ullah|last2=Qu|first2=Rongmei|last3=Ouyang|first3=Jun|last4=Dai|first4=Jingxing|date=2020-04-03|title=Role of Nucleoporins and Transport Receptors in Cell Differentiation|journal=Frontiers in Physiology|volume=11|page=239|doi=10.3389/fphys.2020.00239|pmid=32308628|pmc=7145948|doi-access=free}}</ref> The nuclear pore is where molecules travel from inside the nucleoplasm to the cytoplasm and vice versa.<ref name=":2" /> The nucleoplasm is also a route for many molecules to travel through.<ref name=":2" /> Smaller molecules are able to pass freely through the nuclear pore to get into and out of the nucleoplasm, while larger proteins need the help of receptors on the surface of the nuclear envelope.<ref name=":2" />
The nuclear matrix is also believed to be contained in the nucleoplasm where it functions to maintain the size and shape of the nucleus, in a role similar to that of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-nucleoplasm.htm |title=What is Nucleoplasm? |last=Hed |first=Greer |date=October 6, 2022 |website=wisegeek |access-date=October 28, 2022}}</ref> However, the existence and the exact function of the nuclear matrix remain unclear and heavily debated.