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Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
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===Name variations=== Called “Queen” by the Portuguese, Njinga Mbande is known by many different names including both Kimbundu and Portuguese names, alternate spellings and various honorifics. Common spellings found in Portuguese and English sources include ''Nzinga'', ''Nzingha'', ''Njinga'', and ''Njingha''.<ref name="JW">{{cite book|last1=Wallenfeldt|first1=Jeff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9b6cAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|title=Africa to America: From the Middle Passage Through the 1930s|date=2010|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|isbn=978-1-61530-175-1|page=65|language=en}}</ref> In colonial documentation, including her own manuscripts, her name was also spelled ''Jinga'', ''Ginga'', ''Zinga'', ''Zingua'', ''Zhinga'', and ''Singa''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smBVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|title=Nzinga Mbandi, reine du Ndongo et du Matamba|date=2014|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-200026-2|page=48|language=en}}</ref> She was also known by her Christian name, Ana de Sousa.<ref name="JW" /> This name—Anna de Souza Nzingha—was given to her when she was baptized. She was named Anna after the Portuguese woman who acted as her Godmother at the ceremony. She helped influence who Nzingha was in the future.<ref name=":4" /> Her Christian surname, de Souza, came from the acting governor of Angola, João Correia de Souza.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stapleton|first1=Timothy J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5rZCDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|title=Encyclopedia of African Colonial Conflicts [2 volumes]|date=2016|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-837-3|page=58|language=en}}</ref> As a monarch of Ndongo and Matamba, her native name was Ngola Njinga. ''[[List of Ngolas of Ndongo|Ngola]]'' was the Ndongo name for the ruler and the etymological root of "[[Angola]]". In Portuguese, she was known as Rainha Nzinga/Zinga/Ginga (Queen Nzingha). According to the current [[Kimbundu]] orthography, her name is spelled ''Njinga Mbandi'' (the "j" is a [[voiced postalveolar fricative]] or "soft j" as in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[French language|French]], while the adjacent "n" is silent). The statue of Njinga now standing in the square of Kinaxixi in Luanda calls her "Mwene Njinga Mbande".
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