Editing Object database (section)

==History==
Object database management systems grew out of research during the early to mid-1970s into having intrinsic database management support for graph-structured objects. The term "object-oriented database system" first appeared around 1985.<ref>Three example references from 1985 that use the term: T. Atwood, "An Object-Oriented DBMS for Design Support Applications", ''Proceedings of the IEEE COMPINT 85'', pp. 299-307, September 1985; N. Derrett, W. Kent, and P. Lyngbaek, "Some Aspects of Operations in an Object-Oriented Database", ''Database Engineering'', vol. 8, no. 4, IEEE Computer Society, December 1985; D. Maier, A. Otis, and A. Purdy, "Object-Oriented Database Development at Servio Logic", ''Database Engineering'', vol. 18, no.4, December 1985.</ref> Notable research projects included Encore-Ob/Server ([[Brown University]]), EXODUS ([[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]), IRIS (Hewlett-Packard), ODE ([[Bell Labs]]), ORION ([[Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation]] or MCC), Vodak (GMD-IPSI), and Zeitgeist (Texas Instruments). The ORION project had more published papers than any of the other efforts. Won Kim of MCC compiled the best of those papers in a book published by The MIT Press.<ref>Kim, Won. ''Introduction to Object-Oriented Databases. '' The MIT Press, 1990. {{ISBN|0-262-11124-1}}</ref>

Early commercial products included [[GemStone Systems|Gemstone]] (Servio Logic, name changed to GemStone Systems), Gbase (Graphael), and Vbase (Ontologic). Additional commercial products entered the market in the late 1980s through the mid 1990s. These included ITASCA (Itasca Systems), Jasmine (Fujitsu, marketed by Computer Associates), Matisse (Matisse Software), [[Objectivity/DB]] (Objectivity, Inc.), [[ObjectStore]] ([[Progress Software]], acquired from eXcelon which was originally [[Object Design, Incorporated]]), ONTOS (Ontos, Inc., name changed from Ontologic), O<sub>2</sub><ref>Bancilhon, Francois; Delobel, Claude; and Kanellakis, Paris. ''Building an Object-Oriented Database System: The Story of O<sub>2</sub>.'' Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1992. {{ISBN|1-55860-169-4}}.</ref> (O<sub>2</sub> Technology, merged with several companies, acquired by [[Informix]], which was in turn acquired by [[IBM]]), POET (now [http://www.versant.com/developer FastObjects] from Versant which acquired Poet Software), Versant Object Database ([http://www.versant.com Versant] Corporation), VOSS (Logic Arts) and [[JADE (programming language)|JADE]] (Jade Software Corporation). Some of these products remain on the market and have been joined by new open source and commercial products such as [[InterSystems Caché]].

Object database management systems added the concept of [[persistence (computer science)|persistence]] to object programming languages. The early commercial products were integrated with various languages: GemStone ([[Smalltalk]]), Gbase ([[LISP programming language|LISP]]), Vbase ([[C Object Processor|COP]]) and VOSS (Virtual Object Storage System for [[Smalltalk]]). For much of the 1990s, [[C++]] dominated the commercial object database management market. Vendors added [[Java programming language|Java]] in the late 1990s and more recently, [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]].

Starting in 2004, object databases have seen a second growth period when [[Open-source software|open source]] object databases emerged that were widely affordable and easy to use, because they are entirely written in [[Object-oriented programming|OOP]] languages like Smalltalk, Java, or C#, such as Versant's [[db4o]] (db4objects), DTS/S1 from Obsidian Dynamics and [[Perst]] (McObject), available under dual [[Open-source license|open source]] and commercial licensing.