Editing October 23 (section)

===Pre-1600===
*[[4004 BC]] &ndash; [[James Ussher|James Ussher's]] purported creation date of the world according to the Bible.
*[[42 BC]] &ndash; [[Liberators' civil war]]: [[Mark Antony]] and [[Augustus|Octavian]] decisively defeat an army under [[Marcus Junius Brutus|Brutus]] in the second part of the [[Battle of Philippi]], with Brutus committing suicide and ending the civil war.
* [[425]] &ndash; [[Valentinian III]] is elevated as Roman emperor at the age of six.
* [[AD 502|502]] &ndash; The ''Synodus Palmaris'', called by Gothic king [[Theodoric the Great|Theoderic]], absolves [[Pope Symmachus]] of all charges, thus ending the schism of [[Antipope Laurentius]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wirbelauer |first1=Eckhard |title=Zwei Päpste in Rom. Der Konflikt zwischen Laurentius und Symmachus (498–514) |journal=Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt, Bd. 16, München |date=January 1993 |location=Academia |page=20 note 53 |url=https://www.academia.edu/40781623 |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>
*[[1086]] &ndash; [[Reconquista|Spanish ''Reconquista'']]: At the [[Battle of Sagrajas]], the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] defeats the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilians]], but are unable to take advantage of their victory.
*[[1157]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Grathe Heath]] ends the [[Danish Civil War]].
*[[1295]] &ndash; The first treaty forming the [[Auld Alliance]] between [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Kingdom of France|France]] against [[Kingdom of England|England]] is signed in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC – 23 October in Scottish History |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/onthisday/october/23 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref>