Editing Original jurisdiction (section)

==United States==
===Supreme Court===
{{main article|Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States}}
In the United States, courts having original jurisdiction are referred to as [[trial courts]]. In certain types of cases, the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has original jurisdiction [[concurrent jurisdiction|concurrently]] with lower courts. The original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court is governed by
[[Article Three of the United States Constitution#Clause 2: Original and appellate jurisdiction|Article&nbsp;III, Section&nbsp;2]] of the [[United States Constitution]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hatton |first1=David |last2=Wexler |first2=Jay |author-link2=Jay Wexler |title=The First Ever (Maybe) Original Jurisdiction Standings |journal=Journal of Legal Metrics |date=2012 |volume=1 |page=19 |url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=faculty_scholarship |access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref> and [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1251 Title 28 of the United States Code, section 1251]. Most commonly, original jurisdiction cases involve suits between states as parties, usually over territorial or water rights disputes.

The United States Constitution defines Original Jurisdiction thus: 
{{quote|In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. United States Constitution Article III, §3, cl. 2}}

===Federal and state courts===
In the [[Federal judiciary of the United States|federal court]] system and [[State court (United States)|those]] of most [[U.S. state]]s, there are several types of trial courts. That is, there are several specialized courts with original jurisdiction over specific types of matters, and then a court with original jurisdiction over anything not reserved to more specialized courts.

===Special courts===
Not all "trial courts" exclusively exercise original jurisdiction. Indeed, in both the federal and most [[State court (United States)|state court]] systems, the trial courts of "[[general jurisdiction]]" hear appeals from trial courts of limited original jurisdiction; many states call these courts "[[superior court]]s" for this reason. For example, [[United States district court]]s hear appeals from their [[United States bankruptcy court|bankruptcy courts]] (which operate as quasi-independent units of district courts but are constitutionally separate [[Article&nbsp;I tribunal]]s). Similarly, the Law Division of the [[Superior Court of New Jersey]] hears appeals from [[Pittsburgh]] have unique systems) and from certain agencies of local (e.g., [[Zoning in the United States|zoning board]]) and state governments (e.g., [[Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board]]).