Editing Our Mutual Friend (section)

===Major characters===<!-- redirects anchor here -->
* '''John Harmon''' – is heir to the Harmon estate, under the condition that he marry Bella Wilfer. He is presumed dead throughout most of the novel, though he is living under the name '''John Rokesmith''', and working as a secretary for the Boffins in an attempt to better get to know Bella, the Boffins, and people's general reaction to John Harmon's "death". Harmon also uses the alias '''Julius Handford''' upon first returning to London. Harmon's "death" and subsequent resurrection as Rokesmith/Handford is consistent with Dickens's recurring theme in the novel of rebirth from the water.<ref name="Thurley, Geoffrey 1976">{{cite book |last=Thurley |first=Geoffrey |title=The Dickens Myth: Its Genesis and Structure |url=https://archive.org/details/dickensmythitsge0000thur |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul |year=1976 |isbn=9780710084224}}</ref> His upward social mobility through his own efforts is presented as favourable, in contrast with Headstone, Hexam, and the Lammles.<ref name=Ihara1998 />
* '''"Bella" Wilfer''' – is a beautiful young woman born into a poor family, who learns upon the death of Old Mr Harmon that she is the intended wife for his son, a condition of his inheritance. When her intended husband, John Harmon, is reported to have been killed, she is left without future prospects. She learns of the trouble money can bring when taken in by the newly rich Boffins. Bella rejects Rokesmith's proposal at first but later accepts it. Initially described as a "mercenary young woman",<ref name=Dickens1989ed>{{cite book |last=Dickens |first=Charles |title=Our Mutual Friend |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0192817952}}</ref> who describes herself upon meeting Lizzie Hexam as having "no more character than a canary bird",<ref name=Dickens1989ed /> Bella undergoes a significant moral change in the novel. Although originally completely preoccupied with money, her complexity is eventually displayed in her ability to defy the societal pressures to achieve happiness unrelated to wealth. She is praised for her "vivacity and lifelikeness",<ref name="Romano, John 1978">{{cite book |last=Romano |first=John |title=Dickens and Reality |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1978 |isbn=9780231042468 |url=https://archive.org/details/dickensreality0000roma }}</ref> with greater complexity than some of the other, more static characters. Her relationship with her father is more like that of a mother and son, as she consistently dotes upon him, calling him her "cherub".<ref name=Dickens1989ed /> Her open and warm relationship with her father contrasts with her strained and resentful relationships with her mother and sister.
* '''Nicodemus "Noddy" Boffin''',  '''the Golden [[Dustman]]''' (the dust from the ashes of coal fires dominated in waste materials at this period, so “dust” became a term used for waste or rubbish generally) – becomes a member of the ''[[nouveaux riches]]'' when Old Mr Harmon's heir is considered dead. He is illiterate, but wants to fit the image of a wealthy man, and so hires Silas Wegg to read to him in hopes of gaining more intelligence and worldliness. He is nearly blackmailed by Wegg. He assumes the role of a miser to show Bella the dangers of wealth, but eventually admits this behaviour was an act and gives his money to Bella and John. Boffin's innocence, naïve curiosity, and desire to learn in his new position in life contrast with his "elaborate performances as Boffin the miser".<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> Critics speculate that Dickens's decision to have Boffin playing a part may not have been planned, as it was not very convincing for a man who has shown his simplistic ignorance on several occasions.<ref name="Hawes, Donald 1998">{{cite book |last=Hawes |first=Donald |title=Who's Who in Dickens |location=London |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=9780415260299}}</ref> Boffin's inheritance of Old Harmon's money is appropriate because Harmon had attained it by combing the dust heaps, because this suggests social mobility. Boffin represents a wholesome contrast to such wealthy characters as the Veneerings and Podsnaps, and may have been based on [[Henry Dodd]], a ploughboy who made his fortune removing London's rubbish.
* '''Mrs Henrietta Boffin''' – is Noddy Boffin's wife, and a very motherly woman, who convinces Mr Boffin to take in an orphan boy called Johnny. This indicates "another progressive development for Dickens as his female characters undertake a more active role in social reform".<ref name=Swifte1999>{{cite web |url=http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/409/2/adt-NU2000.0013main.pdf |last=Swifte |first=Yasmin |title=Charles Dickens and the Role of Legal Institutions in Moral and Social Reform: ''Oliver Twist, Bleak House'' and ''Our Mutual Friend'' |publisher=University of Sydney Masters Thesis |access-date=16 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219063234/http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/409/2/adt-NU2000.0013main.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
* '''Elizabeth "Lizzie" Hexam''' – is a daughter of Gaffer Hexam and sister of Charley Hexam. She is an affectionate daughter, but knows that Charley must escape their living circumstances if he is to succeed in life, so she gives Charley her money and helps him leave while their father is away. Later she is rejected by Charley after she remains in poverty. Pursued romantically by both Bradley Headstone and Eugene Wrayburn, she fears Headstone's violent passion and yearns for Wrayburn's love, while acutely aware of the social gap between them. Lizzie saves Wrayburn from Headstone's attack and the two are married. She in effect acts as the moral centre of the story and is by far the "most wholly good character […] almost bereft of ego".<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> Dickens carries over her moral superiority into her physical characterisation. Her "capacity for self-sacrifice […] is only slightly more credible than her gift for refined speech",<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> making her slightly unbelievable in comparison to her uneducated father and Jenny Wren. Lizzie's concern about social class reveals her reasoning for ensuring her brother's escape from poverty and ignorance, though she remains humble about her own situation. However, her moral character attracts Wrayburn and her inherent goodness is rewarded with marital happiness.
* '''Charles "Charley" Hexam''' – is the son of Jesse "Gaffer" Hexam and brother of Lizzie. Originally a very caring brother, this changes as he rises above Lizzie in class and must remove himself from her to maintain his social standing. He was born into poverty, but receives schooling and becomes a teacher under Headstone's mentoring. Dickens uses him to critique both the schooling available to the poor, which was often over-crowded and noisy,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://omf.ucsc.edu/london-1865/schools-and-education/educators-and-education.html |last=Watt |first=Kate Carnell |title= Educators and Education in ''Our Mutual Friend'' |journal=Our Mutual Friend: The Scholarly Pages |location=Santa Cruz |publisher=University of California |access-date=17 April 2009}}</ref> as well as the snobbish tendencies of those who manage to rise in status. Hexam is presented as "morally corrupt",<ref name=Swifte1999 /> because of how he distances himself from his past, and from his loving sister, in the name of his own upward movement.
* '''Mortimer Lightwood''' – is a lawyer, who is an acquaintance of the Veneerings and a friend of Eugene Wrayburn. Lightwood acts as the "storyteller" and it is through him that the reader and the other characters learn about Harmon's will.<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> However, under the "mask of irony"<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> he assumes in telling his stories, he feels true friendship for Eugene, respect for Twemlow, and concern for the issues in which he is involved. In addition, he also serves as the "commentator and a voice of conscience"<ref name="Hawes, Donald 1998"/> with sarcasm sometimes covering his concern. Through Lightwood's reason and advice, the reader is better able to judge the characters' actions.
* '''Eugene Wrayburn''' – who is seen as the novel's second hero, is a barrister, and a gentleman by birth, though he is roguish and insolent. He is a close friend of Mortimer Lightwood, and involved in a love triangle with Lizzie Hexam and Bradley Headstone. Both these characters act as foils to Wrayburn. Lizzie contrasts with Eugene's more negative traits and Headstone makes Eugene appear more virtuous. He is nearly killed by Headstone but, like Harmon/Rokesmith, "reborn" after his incident in the river.<ref name="Thurley, Geoffrey 1976"/> Though Wrayburn appears morally grey through most of the novel, by the end he is seen as a moral, sympathetic character and a true gentleman, after choosing to marry Lizzie in order to save her reputation, even though she is socially below him.<ref name=Ihara1998>{{cite web |url= http://www.dickens.jp/archive/omf/omf-ihara.pdf |last=Ihara |first=Keiichiro |title=Dickens and Class: Social Mobility in 'Our Mutual Friend' |publisher=Hiroshima University thesis |date=7 September 1998 |access-date=17 April 2009 }}</ref>
* '''"Jenny" Wren''' – whose real name is Fanny Cleaver, is "the dolls' dressmaker", with whom Lizzie lives after her father dies. She is disabled with a bad back and limited leg mobility. She is very motherly towards her drunken father, whom she calls her "bad child".<ref name=Dickens1989ed /> Jenny later cares for Eugene while he recovers from Headstone's attack on his life. She may have a romance with Sloppy at the end of the book, which the reader may surmise will end in marriage. Although her mannerisms give her a certain "strangeness",<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> Jenny is very perceptive, identifying Eugene Wrayburn's intentions towards Lizzie in his small actions. Her role is a creator and a caretaker, and her "pleasant fancies" of "flowers, bird song, numbers of blessed, white-clad children"<ref name="Hawes, Donald 1998"/> reflect the mind's ability to rise above adverse circumstances.
* '''Mr Riah''' – is a Jew who manages Mr Fledgeby's money-lending business. He cares for and assists Lizzie Hexam and Jenny Wren when they have no one else. Some critics believe that Riah was meant by Dickens to act as an apology for his stereotyping of Fagin in ''Oliver Twist'', and in particular a response to Mrs Eliza Davis. She had written to Dickens complaining that "the portrayal of Fagin did 'a great wrong' to all Jews." However, some still take issue with Riah, asserting that he is "too gentle to be a believable human being."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Morse |first=J, Mitchell |title=Prejudice and Literature |journal=College English |volume=37 |number=8 |date=April 1976 |pages=780–807 |publisher=National Council of Teachers of English |jstor=376012|doi=10.2307/376012 }}</ref>
* '''Bradley Headstone''' – began life as a pauper<ref name=Dickens1989ed /> but rose to become Charley Hexam's schoolmaster and the love interest of Miss Peecher. However, he ignores her and falls in love with Lizzie Hexam, whom he pursues passionately and violently, though his advances are rejected. He then develops an insane jealousy towards Eugene Wrayburn, whom he follows at night like an "ill-tamed wild animal"<ref name=Dickens1989ed /> in hopes of catching him with Lizzie together. He disguises himself as Rogue Riderhood and almost succeeds in drowning Wrayburn. After Riderhood realises that Headstone is impersonating him to incriminate him for Wrayburn's murder, he attempts to blackmail Headstone, and this leads to a fight, and both men drowning in the river. Described repeatedly as "decent" and "constrained",<ref name=Dickens1989ed /> Headstone's personality splits between "painfully respectable"<ref name="Collins, Philip 1968">{{cite book |last=Collins |first=Philip |title=Dickens and Crime |url=https://archive.org/details/dickenscrime00coll |url-access=registration |location=Bloomington |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1968}}</ref> and "wild jealousy", with a "passion terrible in its violence".<ref name="Collins, Philip 1964">{{cite book |last=Collins |first=Philip |title=Dickens and Education |location=New York |publisher=St Martin's Press |year=1964}}</ref> He is presented by Dickens as an animal in the night and a respectable, "mechanical"<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> schoolteacher during the day. A possible explanation for this dichotomy may be Headstone's "intellectual insecurity",<ref name="Collins, Philip 1964"/> that manifests itself in violence after Lizzie's rejection.  The "most complex of Dickens's villain-murderers are presented as such double-figures".<ref name="Collins, Philip 1968"/> Dickens here demonstrates the way identity can be manipulated. Headstone also serves as a foil to Wrayburn, and his evil nature antagonizes Wrayburn, as much as Lizzie's goodness helps him.
* '''Silas Wegg''' – is a ballad-seller, and has a wooden leg. He is a "social parasite",<ref name=Ihara1998 /> hired to read for the Boffins and teach Mr Boffin how to read, despite not being entirely literate himself. Wegg finds Harmon's will in the dust heaps, and he and Venus attempt to use it to blackmail the Boffins. He wishes to buy back his own leg as soon as he has the money, which is an attempt to "complete himself".<ref name="Thurley, Geoffrey 1976"/> Wegg claims to want the leg so that he can be seen as respectable. Some critics find the juxtaposition of Wegg's villainy and his sense of humour to be inconsistent.
* '''Mr Venus''' – a [[taxidermist]] and articulator of bones, who is in love with Pleasant Riderhood, whom he eventually marries. He meets Silas Wegg after having procured his amputated leg and he pretends to join Silas in blackmailing Mr Boffin regarding Harmon's will, while really informing Boffin of Silas's scheme. Dickens is said to have based Mr Venus on a real taxidermist named J Willis, although Venus's "defining obsession" renders him "among Dickens's most outlandish, least realistic" characters.<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/>
* '''Mr Alfred Lammle''' – is married to Sophronia Lammle. Both of them, at the time of their marriage, were under the false impression that the other was fairly wealthy. Subsequently, they are forced to use their overabundance of charm and superficiality in attempts to make influential acquaintances and gain money through them.
* '''Mrs Sophronia Lammle''' – is described, early in the novel, as "the mature young lady" and a proper young woman. However, this turns out to be ironic as she is later shown to be greedy, cold, and manipulative. She married Alfred Lammle because she believed he had money, and when it turned out he did not, the two of them formed a partnership that involves swindling money from others. They, for example, conspire to trap Georgiana Podsnap in a marriage with Fledgeby, though Sophronia repents before this plan can come to fruition, and arranges for Twemlow to inform the Podsnaps without her husband's knowledge.
* '''Georgiana Podsnap''' – a daughter of Mr and Mrs Podsnap, who is very sheltered, shy, trusting and naïve. Because of this she is taken advantage of by more manipulative upper-class characters, such as Fledgeby and the Lammles, who scheme to "befriend" her and take her money. She is courted by Fledgeby, through Alfred Lammle, although not with honourable intentions, and nearly finds herself trapped in a marriage with Fledgeby until Sophronia Lammle suffers a change of heart.
* '''Mr Fledgeby''' – "Fascination" Fledgeby is a friend of the Lammles. He owns Mr Riah's moneylending business, is greedy and corrupt, and makes his money through speculation. He provides a contrast with Mr Riah's gentleness, and underlines the point that "a Jew may be kindly and a Christian cruel".<ref>{{cite book |last=Dark |first=Sidney |author-link=Sidney Dark |url=https://archive.org/stream/charlesdickens00darkuoft/charlesdickens00darkuoft_djvu.txt |title=Charles Dickens |publisher=T Nelson & Sons |year=1919 |access-date=16 April 2009}}</ref> Fledgeby nearly marries Georgiana Podsnap to gain access to her money, but Sophronia Lammle backs out of the scheme and, once Fledgeby is no longer allied with the Lammles, they seek him out and beat him.
* '''Roger "Rogue" Riderhood''' – "Gaffer" Hexam's partner until Gaffer rejects him when he is convicted of theft. In revenge for that slight he falsely turns Gaffer in as the murderer of John Harmon, in the hope of receiving a reward. Later, Riderhood becomes a lock-keeper, and Headstone attempts to frame him for the murder of Eugene Wrayburn. After attempts to blackmail Headstone, the two men fall in the river Thames during a fight and both drown. In his "literally irredeemable villainy",<ref name="Romano, John 1978"/> Riderhood represents an opportunistic character who will change his behaviour according to whatever suits his needs best at any given moment.
* '''Reginald "Rumty" Wilfer''' – is Bella Wilfer's doting father, who is gentle, innocent, fatherly, and kindly, despite his querulous wife and daughter and thankless work as a clerk. Dickens describes him in almost childish terms, and he is often called "the Cherub".