Editing Paradox (section)

=== Self-reference ===
[[Self-reference]] occurs when a [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]], idea or [[Well-formed formula|formula]] refers to itself.  Although statements can be self referential without being paradoxical ("This statement is written in English" is a true and non-paradoxical self-referential statement), self-reference is a common element of paradoxes.  One example occurs in the [[liar paradox]], which is commonly formulated as the self-referential statement "This statement is false".<ref>{{cite book |title=Self-Reference: Reflections on Reflexivity |author1=S.J. Bartlett |author2=P. Suber |edition=illustrated |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2012 |isbn=978-94-009-3551-8 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDyBwAAQBAJ}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 Extract of page 32]</ref>  Another example occurs in the [[barber paradox]], which poses the question of whether a [[barber]] who shaves all and only those who do not shave themselves will shave himself.  In this paradox, the barber is a self-referential concept.