Editing Parallel voting (section)

=== Confusion and conflation ===
Under the most common form of parallel voting, a portion of seats in the [[legislature]] are filled by the [[Single-member district|single-member]] [[First-past-the-post voting|first-preference plurality]] method (FPP), while others are filled by [[proportional representation]].<ref name="rc332">Royal Commission on Electoral Systems (1986), ''Report of the Royal Commission on the Electoral System: towards a better democracy'', Wellington N.Z.: Government Printing, pg. 33.</ref> This sometimes leads to a [[hypercorrection]] that attempts to limit the term parallel voting to refer only to mixtures of first-past-the-post and proportional representation. Parallel voting can use other systems besides FPP, and can have any mixture of [[Winner-take-all system|winner-take-all]], [[Semi-proportional representation|semi-proportional]], and proportional components.

Although the two are often mistakenly [[Conflation|conflated]], [[mixed-member majoritarian representation]] and parallel voting refer to two different things. Parallel voting refers to a ''rule'' for computing each party's representation in a legislature, which involves two voting systems operating in parallel, with one being layered ([[Superposition|superimposed]]) on top of the other. By contrast, mixed-member majoritarian representation refers to the ''results'' of the system, i.e. the system retains the advantage that some parties parties get in the [[Winner-take-all system|winner-take-all]] side of the system.

For this reason, parallel voting is not always mixed-member majoritarian. For example, parallel voting may use a two proportional systems like STV and list-PR and then it would not be mixed-member majoritarian, and a majority bonus system (which is not the same as parallel voting) may also be considered mixed majoritarian. In addition, some mixed-member majoritarian systems are not parallel, in that they allow for interaction (limited compensation) between the two components, for example this is the case in South Korea and Mexico. In South Korea, the hybrid of parallel voting and seat linkage compensation, being between the MMP and MMM type of representation has been called mixed-member semi-proportional representation as well.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022|reason=Do the votes have to be separate? Are systems with a [[mixed single vote]] like the one in Italy's [[Rosatellum]] law not called parallel?}}

Unlike [[mixed-member proportional representation]], where party lists are used to achieve an overall proportional result in the legislature, under parallel voting, proportionality is confined only to the list seats. Therefore, a party that secured, say, 5% of the vote will have only 5% of the ''list'' seats, and not 5% of all the seats in the legislature.