Editing Pedestrian zone (section)

===Origins in arcades===
[[File:GalerieVivienne1.jpg|thumb|upright|The Galerie Vivienne in Paris]]
The idea of separating pedestrians from wheeled traffic is an old one, dating back at least to the [[Renaissance]].<ref name="hall"/> However, the earliest modern implementation of the idea in cities seems to date from about 1800, when the first [[Covered passages of Paris|covered shopping arcade was opened in Paris]].<ref name="hall">{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Peter|last2=Hass-Klau|first2=Carmen|title=Can Rail Save the City? The impacts of rapid transit and pedestrianisation on British and German cities|date=1985|publisher=Gower Publishing|location=Aldershot|isbn=978-0566009471|page=83}}</ref> Separated shopping arcades were constructed throughout Europe in the 19th century, precursors of modern shopping malls. A number of architects and city planners, including [[Joseph Paxton]], [[Ebenezer Howard]], and [[Clarence Stein]], in the 19th and early 20th centuries proposed plans to separate pedestrians from traffic in various new developments.<ref name="hall2">{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Peter|last2=Hass-Klau|first2=Carmen|title=Can Rail Save the City? The impacts of rapid transit and pedestrianisation on British and German cities|date=1985|publisher=Gower Publishing|location=Aldershot|isbn=978-0566009471|page=89}}</ref>