Editing Perlis (section)

==History==
[[File:Map of Siam in 1900.png|thumb|Map of Siam in 1900 with Perlis as a [[vassal state]]]]
Perlis was originally part of [[Kedah]], although it occasionally came under the rule of [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] or [[Aceh Sultanate|Aceh]]. Perlis was historically an important realm within the Kingdom of Kedah. Sultan Muhyiddin of Kedah made his capital in Kota Sena, while Sultan Dhiauddin II made Kota Indera Kayangan his capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://perlisroyalty.perlis.gov.my/index.php/ms/sejarah/pusat-pentadbiran|title=Pusat Pentadbiran|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=29 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229043331/https://perlisroyalty.perlis.gov.my/index.php/ms/sejarah/pusat-pentadbiran|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sultan Dhiauddin II of Kedah was honorifically titled as Raja Muda of Perlis and Kedah,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sejarah: Tempat Bersemayam|url=https://perlisroyalty.perlis.gov.my/index.php/ms/sejarah/tempat-bersemayam|url-status=dead|access-date=18 May 2021|website=Raja Perlis|archive-date=29 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229043428/https://perlisroyalty.perlis.gov.my/index.php/ms/sejarah/tempat-bersemayam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hids.arkib.gov.my/-/perjanjian-inggeris-dengan-sultan-kedah?searchGoBack=true&keyword=perlis |title=Hari Ini Dalam Sejarah |website=hids.arkib.gov.my |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425031832/http://hids.arkib.gov.my/-/perjanjian-inggeris-dengan-sultan-kedah?searchGoBack=true&keyword=perlis |archive-date=2018-04-25}}</ref> akin to the title [[Prince of Wales]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. During his reign as the Sultan of Kedah, he oversaw a treaty with [[George Alexander William Leith|George Leith]] to cede [[Province Wellesley]] to [[Penang#History|Penang]]. He was titled as Raja Muda of Perlis and Kedah.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.arkib.gov.my/documents/10157/34f25242-cc92-4bb1-85d1-b518199dbde0|title= Dato' Yazid Mat, Page 3|access-date= 14 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180414034946/http://www.arkib.gov.my/documents/10157/34f25242-cc92-4bb1-85d1-b518199dbde0|archive-date= 14 April 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> This fact depicted Perlis was a special realm within the Kedah sultanate.

Sultan Dhiauddin then made Syed Harun Jamalullail, father of the future first [[Raja of Perlis]] as chieftain of [[Arau]] as a wedding gift to his marriage with his daughter, Tengku Sofiah. Syed Harun's descendant eventually become deputy governor (1839) and Raja of Perlis.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.arkib.gov.my/documents/10157/34f25242-cc92-4bb1-85d1-b518199dbde0|title= Dato' Yazid Mat, Page 4 and 5|access-date= 14 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180414034946/http://www.arkib.gov.my/documents/10157/34f25242-cc92-4bb1-85d1-b518199dbde0|archive-date= 14 April 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref>

After the Siamese [[Siamese invasion of Kedah|conquered Kedah]] in 1821, the British felt their interests in [[Perak]] were threatened.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Andaya |first=Barbara Watson |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofmalaysi0000anda |title=A History of Malaysia |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-312-38120-2 |location=New York |pages=117, 120 |language=en}}</ref> This resulted in the 1826 Burney and Low Treaties<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pattayamail.com/563/columns.shtml#hd6 |title= Dr. John Crawfurd and the Mission to Thailand, 1822 |access-date= August 11, 2011 |last= Stern |first= Duncan |date= May 14–20, 2004 |format= Column |work= A Slice of Thai History |publisher= Pattaya Mail
|quote= This in turn helped Capt. Henry Burney conclude a treaty of commerce with Thailand in June 1826.}}</ref> formalising relations between the two [[Malay states]] and Siam, their nominal overlord. In the [[Burney Treaty]], the exiled Sultan of Kedah, [[Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II|Ahmad Tajuddin]] was not restored to his throne. Sultan Ahmad and his armed supporters then fought in a series of war known as Perang Musuh Bisik for his restoration from 1830 to 1842.<ref name="Suzalina Halid 2015">{{cite news|last=Suzalina Halid|first=|title=Sultan Kubang Pasu|newspaper=Berita Harian|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/node/41657|date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Towards the end of the conflict and the death of Siam's [[Nakhon Si Thammarat province|Ligor]] governor in 1839 (Siam's main authority figure over Kedah), Perlis was separated with Kedah.<ref name=":0" />

In 1842, the Sultan agreed to accept Siamese terms and was restored to the throne of Kedah. However, Siam separated Perlis into a separate principality which was a direct vassal of [[Bangkok]]. The Siamese made Raja Long Krok as the Governor of Siam in Perlis while Syed (or Sayyid) Hussain Jamalullail as deputy governor. On 20 May 1843, the [[Siam]]ese made [[House of Jamalullail (Perlis)|Sayyid Hussain Jamalulail]], the paternal grandson of a [[Hadhrami people|Hadhrami]] [[Arab]] [[Sayyid]] immigrant and maternal grandson of the Sultan of Kedah, the first [[Raja]] of Perlis<ref>{{cite book|title=Power Hadhrami Traders, Scholars, and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s–1960s
|author=Ulrike Freitag, W. G. Clarence-Smith|publisher=BRILL|pages=85–7|year=1997|isbn=90-04-10771-1}}</ref> which made Perlis a sovereign state. His descendants still rule Perlis, but as ''[[raja]]s'', instead of as ''[[sultan]]s''.

In 1897, Kedah led by its prime minister, Wan Mat Saman began efforts to end the sovereignty of Perlis (similar to the [[Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam|Kingdom of Kubang Pasu]] which was absorbed into Kedah). After several tense occasions and disputes, the Siamese king [[Chulalongkorn]] sided with Perlis.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.arkib.gov.my/documents/10157/34f25242-cc92-4bb1-85d1-b518199dbde0|title= Dato' Yazid Mat, Page 8|access-date= 14 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180414034946/http://www.arkib.gov.my/documents/10157/34f25242-cc92-4bb1-85d1-b518199dbde0|archive-date= 14 April 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> Perlis also had several disputes with the state of [[Setul]] before the 1900s.

As with Kedah, the [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909]] forced Siam to relinquish its southern Malay vassal states of [[Kelantan]], [[Trengganu]], and Monthon Syburi (comprising [[Kedah]], Perlis, and [[Satun Province|Satun]] (but Satun remained with Thailand)) to Great Britain. The British installed a [[British Resident|Resident]] in the Perlis royal capital of [[Arau]]. Perlis was returned to Siam in [[World War II]] as a reward for Siam's alliance with [[Empire of Japan|Japan]], but this brief annexation ended with the Japanese surrender. After World War II, Perlis returned to British rule until it became part of the [[Malayan Union]], then the [[Federation of Malaya]] in 1957, and lastly, [[Malaysia]] in 1963.

Since 2000, the raja has been [[Sirajuddin of Perlis|Sirajuddin]]. He was the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (King of Malaysia) from 13 December 2001 to 12 December 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/maklumat-perkhidmatan/senarai-yang-di-pertuan-agong|title=Pejabat Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja - Senarai Yang di-Pertuan Agong|website=Majlisraja-raja.gov.my|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707091013/http://www.majlisraja-raja.gov.my/index.php/bm/maklumat-perkhidmatan/senarai-yang-di-pertuan-agong|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra]] was the Regent of Perlis during the five-year period when Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin was Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Chief Executive or ''[[Menteri Besar]]'' is currently [[Mohd Shukri Ramli]] of the [[Perikatan Nasional]].