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Pleonasm
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===Idiomatic expressions=== Some pleonastic phrases are part of a language's [[Idiom (language structure)|idiom]], like ''tuna fish'', ''chain mail'' and ''safe haven'' in [[American English]]. They are so common that their use is unremarkable for native speakers, although in many cases the redundancy can be dropped with no loss of meaning. When expressing possibility, English speakers often use potentially pleonastic expressions such as ''It might be possible'' or ''perhaps it's possible'', where both terms (verb ''might'' or adverb ''perhaps'' along with the adjective ''possible'') have the same meaning under certain constructions. Many speakers of English use such expressions for possibility in general, such that most instances of such expressions by those speakers are in fact pleonastic. Others, however, use this expression only to indicate a distinction between [[ontological]] possibility and [[epistemic]] possibility, as in "Both the ontological possibility of X under current conditions and the ontological impossibility of X under current conditions are epistemically possible" (in [[Propositional logic|logical]] terms, "I am not aware of any facts inconsistent with the truth of proposition X, but I am likewise not aware of any facts inconsistent with the truth of the negation of X"). The habitual use of the double construction to indicate possibility ''per se'' is far less widespread among speakers of most{{citation needed|reason = There are thousands of languages.|date=June 2022}} other languages (except in Spanish; see examples); rather, almost all speakers of those languages use one term in a single expression:{{dubious|reason = These are not all examples of possibility, but have inadvertently expanded to include general pleonasms. Needs rewriting.|date=June 2022}} * French: ''{{Lang|fr|Il est possible}}'' or ''{{Lang|fr|il peut arriver}}''. * Portuguese: ''{{Lang|pt|O que é que}}'', lit. "What is it that", a more emphatic way of saying "what is"; ''{{Lang|pt|O que}}'' usually suffices. * Romanian: ''{{Lang|ro|Este posibil}}'' or ''{{Lang|ro|se poate întâmpla}}''. * Typical Spanish pleonasms ** {{Lang|es|Voy a subir arriba}} – I am going to go up upstairs, "''{{Lang|es|arriba}}''" not being necessary. ** {{Lang|es|Entra adentro}} – enter inside, "{{Lang|es|adentro}}" not being necessary. * Turkish has many pleonastic constructs because certain verbs necessitate objects: ** {{Lang|tr|yemek yemek}} – to eat food. ** ''{{Lang|tr|yazı yazmak}}'' – to write writing. ** {{Lang|tr|dışarı çıkmak}} – to exit outside. ** {{Lang|tr|içeri girmek}} – to enter inside. ** {{Lang|tr|oyun oynamak}} – to play a game. In a [[verb framing|satellite-framed]] language like English, [[verb phrase]]s containing [[grammatical particle|particles]] that denote direction of motion are so frequent that even when such a particle is pleonastic, it seems natural to include it (e.g. "enter into").
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