Editing Political science (section)

===Origin===
Political science is a social science dealing with systems of [[governance]] and power, and the analysis of political activities, political institutions, political thought and behavior, and associated [[constitution]]s and [[laws]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Definition from ''Lexico'' powered by Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 February 2020 |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/political_science |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230225002/https://www.lexico.com/definition/political_science |archive-date=30 December 2019 |access-date=23 February 2020 }}</ref> 

As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century and began to separate itself from political [[philosophy]] and history.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bevir |first=Mark |date=2022 |title=A History of Political Science |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/history-of-political-science/F1FADCBCCCCB95BB3B8DF694A0A805F3 |journal=Cambridge University Press |language=en |doi=10.1017/9781009043458|isbn=978-1009043458 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Into the late 19th century, it was still uncommon for political science to be considered a distinct field from history.<ref name=":1" /> The term "political science" was not always distinguished from [[political philosophy]], and the modern discipline has a clear set of antecedents including moral philosophy, political economy, [[political theology]], history, and other fields concerned with normative determinations of what ought to be and with deducing the characteristics and functions of the ideal state.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Generally, classical [[political philosophy]] is primarily defined by a concern for [[Greece|Hellenic]] and [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] thought,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zeitlin |first=Irving M. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442679498 |title=Rulers and Ruled: An Introduction to Classical Political Theory |date=1997 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-7877-3 |doi=10.3138/9781442679498|jstor=10.3138/9781442679498 }}</ref> political scientists are also marked by a great concern for "[[modernity]]" and the contemporary [[nation state]], along with the study of classical thought, and as such share more terminology with [[sociologists]] (e.g., [[structure and agency]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sigelman |first=Lee |date=2010 |title=Terminological Interchange Between Sociology and Political Science |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42956439 |journal=Social Science Quarterly |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=883–905 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00740.x |jstor=42956439 |issn=0038-4941|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The advent of political science as a university discipline was marked by the creation of university departments and chairs with the title of political science arising in the late 19th century. The designation "political scientist" is commonly used to denote someone with a doctorate or master's degree in the field.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/political-scientists.htm#tab-4 |title=How to Become a Political Scientist |last=Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor |access-date=13 September 2016 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627210137/https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/political-scientists.htm#tab-4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Integrating political studies of the past into a unified discipline is ongoing, and the history of political science has provided a rich field for the growth of both [[Norm (sociology)|normative]] and [[positive (social sciences)|positive]] political science, with each part of the discipline sharing some historical predecessors. The [[American Political Science Association]] and the ''[[American Political Science Review]]'' were founded in 1903 and 1906, respectively, in an effort to distinguish the study of [[politics]] from economics and other social phenomena. APSA membership rose from 204 in 1904 to 1,462 in 1915.<ref name=":1" /> APSA members played a key role in setting up political science departments that were distinct from history, philosophy, law, sociology, and economics.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Map_of_unitary_and_federal_states.svg|right|300px|thumb|upright=1.5|A world map distinguishing countries of the world as [[federation]]s (green) from [[unitary state]]s (blue), a work of political science]]The journal ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'' was established in 1886 by the Academy of Political Science. In the inaugural issue of ''Political Science Quarterly'', [[Munroe Smith]] defined political science as "the science of the state. Taken in this sense, it includes the organization and functions of the state, and the relation of states one to another."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Munroe |date=1886 |title=Introduction: The Domain of Political Science |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2139299 |journal=Political Science Quarterly |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=2 |doi=10.2307/2139299 |jstor=2139299 |access-date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118154703/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2139299 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

As part of a UNESCO initiative to promote political science in the late 1940s, the International Political Science Association was founded in 1949, as well as national associations in France in 1949, Britain in 1950, and West Germany in 1951.<ref name=":1" />