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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
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==Production== PBDEs were produced commercially via the [[bromination]] of [[diphenyl ether]],<ref name=EHP2001>{{cite journal | last1=Darnerud | first1=P O | last2=Eriksen | first2=G S | last3=Jóhannesson | first3=T | last4=Larsen | first4=P B | last5=Viluksela | first5=M | title=Polybrominated diphenyl ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology. | journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives]] | volume=109 | issue=suppl 1 | date=2001 | issn=0091-6765 | pmid=11250805 | pmc=1240542 | doi=10.1289/ehp.01109s149 | pages=49–68| bibcode=2001EnvHP.109S..49D }}</ref> with three technical-grade mixtures being sold, varying by degree of bromination. In the United States, PBDEs were marketed with the trade names DE-60F, DE-61, DE-62, and DE-71 applied to pentaBDE mixtures, DE-79 applied to octaBDE mixtures, and DE 83R and Saytex 102E applied to decaBDE mixtures. The available commercial PBDE products were not single compounds or even single congeners but rather mixtures of congeners. Technical [[pentabromodiphenyl ether|pentaBDE]] predominantly contained pentabromo derivatives (50–62%); however, the mixture also contained tetrabromides (24–38%) and hexabromides (4–8%), as well as traces of the tribromides (0–1%). Technical [[octabromodiphenyl ether|octaBDE]] was a mixture of homologs: hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, and decabromides. Technical [[decabromodiphenyl ether|decaBDE]] was 97% decabromide, with small amounts of octa- and nonabromides.<ref name="ATSDRToxProfile2017"/> Commercial production of PBDEs began in the 1970s,<ref name=StockholmInventoryGuidance2017>{{Cite web |title=Guidance for the inventory of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (draft, revised Jan 2017) |website=chm.pops.int |publisher=Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention |date=January 2017 |access-date=12 September 2024 |url=https://chm.pops.int/Portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-NIP-GUID-InventoryPBDEs-201701.En.pdf}}</ref> and continued until the early 2010s. Cumulative global production is estimated to have been 175{{nbsp}}kt for pentaBDE, 130{{nbsp}}kt for octaBDE, and 1600{{nbsp}}kt for decaBDE.<ref name=GlobalHistoricalStocksAndEmissions>{{cite journal | last1=Abbasi | first1=Golnoush | last2=Li | first2=Li | last3=Breivik | first3=Knut | title=Global Historical Stocks and Emissions of PBDEs | journal=Environmental Science & Technology | volume=53 | issue=11 | date=4 June 2019 | doi=10.1021/acs.est.8b07032 | pages=6330–6340| pmid=31083912 | bibcode=2019EnST...53.6330A | hdl=11250/2611702 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> {{anchor|PBDE#Health concerns}}
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