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Polypore
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=== Classification === For most of 20th century polypores were treated as a family, the Polyporaceae. Reconstructions of family trees of fungi show that the [[poroid]] fruiting body has evolved numerous times in the past. Modern DNA-based evolutionary classification places polypores to at least 12 orders.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hibbett |first1=David S. |last2=Binder |first2=Manfred |last3=Bischoff |first3=Joseph F. |last4=Blackwell |first4=Meredith |last5=Cannon |first5=Paul F. |last6=Eriksson |first6=Ove E. |last7=Huhndorf |first7=Sabine |last8=James |first8=Timothy |last9=Kirk |first9=Paul M. |last10=Lücking |first10=Robert |last11=Thorsten Lumbsch |first11=H. |last12=Lutzoni |first12=François |last13=Matheny |first13=P. Brandon |last14=McLaughlin |first14=David J. |last15=Powell |first15=Martha J |year=2007 |title=A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi |journal=Mycological Research |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=509–547 |doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004 |pmid=17572334 |s2cid=4686378 |last16=Redhead |first16=Scott |last17=Schoch |first17=Conrad L. |last18=Spatafora |first18=Joseph W. |last19=Stalpers |first19=Joost A. |last20=Vilgalys |first20=Rytas |last21=Aime |first21=M. Catherine |last22=Aptroot |first22=André |last23=Bauer |first23=Robert |last24=Begerow |first24=Dominik |last25=Benny |first25=Gerald L. |last26=Castlebury |first26=Lisa A. |last27=Crous |first27=Pedro W. |last28=Dai |first28=Yu-Cheng |last29=Gams |first29=Walter |last30=Geiser |first30=David M.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Binder |first1=Manfred |last2=Larsson |first2=Karl-Henrik |last3=Matheny |first3=P. Brandon |last4=Hibbett |first4=David S. |year=2010 |title=Amylocorticiales ord. Nov. And Jaapiales ord. Nov.: Early diverging clades of Agaricomycetidae dominated by corticioid forms |journal=Mycologia |volume=102 |issue=4 |pages=865–880 |doi=10.3852/09-288 |pmid=20648753 |s2cid=23931256}}</ref><ref>Ryvarden L, de Meijer AAR (2002) Studies in neotropical polypores 14. New species from the state of Paraná, Brazil. ''Synopsis Fungorum'' 15: 34–69.</ref> The orders containing most polypore species are the [[Polyporales]] (genera such as ''[[Fomes]]'', ''[[Polyporus]]'' and ''[[Trametes]]'') and [[Hymenochaetales]] (e.g. ''[[Oxyporus]]'', ''[[Phellinus]]'' and ''[[Trichaptum]]''). Economically perhaps the most significant polypores ''[[Heterobasidion]]'' spp., pests of conifer plantations, belong to the [[Russulales]].<ref name="Garbelotto 2013" /> Other polypore orders are the [[Agaricales]], [[Amylocorticiales]], [[Auriculariales]], [[Boletales]], [[Cantharellales]], [[Gloeophyllales]], [[Sebacinales]], [[Thelephorales]] and [[Trechisporales]]. The Polyporales in the modern sense are not only polypores but also other fruiting body types such as [[Corticioid fungi|crust fungi]], [[hydnoid fungi]] and [[agaricoid]] mushrooms.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=National Audubon Society |title=Mushrooms of North America |date=1 April 2023 |publisher=Knopf|isbn=9780593319994 |edition=1st |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Kanad |last2=Stalpers |first2=Joost A |last3=Stielow |first3=J Benjamin |date=2013-12-13 |title=Two new species of hydnoid-fungi from India |pmc=3905948|journal=IMA Fungus |language=en |volume=4 |issue=2 |doi=10.5598/imafungu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Justo |first=Alfredo |last2=Miettinen |first2=Otto |last3=Floudas |first3=Dimitrios |last4=Ortiz-Santana |first4=Beatriz |last5=Sjökvist |first5=Elisabet |last6=Lindner |first6=Daniel |last7=Nakasone |first7=Karen |last8=Niemelä |first8=Tuomo |last9=Larsson |first9=Karl-Henrik |last10=Ryvarden |first10=Leif |last11=Hibbett |first11=David S. |date=2017-09-01 |title=A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878614617300685 |journal=Fungal Biology |volume=121 |issue=9 |pages=798–824 |doi=10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010 |issn=1878-6146}}</ref> Currently polypores are divided into about 170 genera.<ref>Ryvarden L (1990) ''Genera of polypores''. Fungiflora, Oslo.</ref><ref name="Justo et al. 2017" />
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