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==Taxonomy== [[File:Four Poplars in four seasons.JPG|thumb|right|A ''Populus'' on a hill through spring (top left), summer, fall and winter (Germany)]] The genus ''Populus'' has traditionally been divided into six sections on the basis of leaf and flower characters;<ref name="rushforth" /><ref>{{cite book |author=Eckenwalder, J.E. |year=1996 |title=Biology of ''Populus'' and its implications for management and conservation |chapter=Systematics and evolution of ''Populus'' |publisher=NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada |location=Ottawa |editor1=R.F. Stettler |editor2=H.D. Bradshaw |editor3=P.E. Heilman |editor4=T.M. Hinckley |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvuTJC32C3YC&pg=PR1 |isbn=9780660165066}}</ref> this classification is followed below. Recent genetic studies have largely supported this, confirming some previously suspected reticulate evolution due to past [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridisation]] and introgression events between the groups. Some species (noted below) had differing relationships indicated by their [[nuclear DNA]] (paternally inherited) and [[chloroplast DNA]] sequences (maternally inherited), a clear indication of likely hybrid origin.<ref name="hamzeh">Hamzeh, M., & Dayanandan, S. (2004). Phylogeny of ''Populus'' (Salicaceae) based on nucleotide sequences of chloroplast TRNT-TRNF region and nuclear rDNA. ''Amer. J. Bot''. 91: 1398-1408. Available [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/9/1398 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129134434/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/9/1398 |date=29 January 2008 }}</ref> Hybridisation continues to be common in the genus, with several hybrids between species in different sections known.<ref name="rdm" /><ref>{{cite book |author=Eckenwalder, J.E. |year=2001 |title=Poplar culture in North America |chapter=Key to species and main crosses |publisher=NRC Research Press |location=Ottawa |editor1=D.I. Dickmann |editor2=J.G. Isebrands |editor3=J.E. Eckenwalder |editor4=J. Richardson |pages=325–330 |isbn=978-0-660-18145-5}}</ref> There are currently 57 accepted species in the genus.<ref name="potw">"''Populus'' L.". ''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 8 September 2021. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328417-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226011502/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328417-2|date=26 February 2023}}</ref> === Phylogeny === Some of the most easily identifiable fossils of this genus belongs to ''[[Poplus wilmattae]]'', which come from the [[Danian|Late Paleocene]] of North America about 58 million years ago.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dickmann |first1=Donald |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2670e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808130345/http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2670e.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-08 |url-status=live |title=Poplars and Willows in the World |last2=Kuzovkina |first2=Yulia |date=2008 |publisher=The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=978-92-5-107185-4 |page=27 |access-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> However, fossils from the Cretaceous of this genus have been found in Tibet and Heilongjiang, China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Xia |last2=Wang |first2=Zhaoshan |last3=Wang |first3=Wei |last4=Huang |first4=Qinqin |last5=Zeng |first5=Yanfei |last6=Jin |first6=Yu |last7=Li |first7=Honglei |last8=Du |first8=Shuhui |last9=Zhang |first9=Jianguo |date=2022 |title=Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.1031087 |issn=1664-462X |pmc=9815717 |pmid=36618663 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Selected species=== [[File:PopulusNigra3.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Populus nigra]]'' in autumn]] [[File:Heinolan tsaarinpoppeli.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Populus × petrowskiana]]'' ("Czar's Poplar") in [[Heinola]], Finland]] *'''[[Populus sect. Populus|''Populus'' section ''Populus'']] – [[aspen]]s and white poplar''' (circumpolar subarctic and cool temperate, and mountains farther south, white poplar warm temperate) **''[[Populus adenopoda]]'' – Chinese aspen (eastern Asia) **''[[Populus alba]]'' – white poplar (southern Europe to central Asia) ***[[Populus × canescens|''Populus'' × ''canescens'']] (''P. alba × P. tremula'') – grey poplar **''[[Populus davidiana]]'' – Korean aspen (eastern Asia) **''[[Populus grandidentata]]'' – bigtooth aspen (eastern North America) **''[[Populus luziarum]]'' – [[Jalisco]], Mexico<ref name="primaveralepensis"><Vázquez-García, José & Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Angel & González, Rosa & Nieves-Hernández, Gregorio & Pulido, Maria & Hernández-Vera, Gerardo & Delgadillo, Osvaldo. (2019). "''Populus primaveralepensis'' sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), a new species of white poplar from the Bosque La Primavera Biosphere Reserve in Western Mexico". ''European Journal of Taxonomy''. 2019. 10.5852/ejt.2019.498.</ref> **''[[Populus primaveralepensis]]'' – [[Jalisco]], Mexico<ref name="primaveralepensis" /> **''[[Populus sieboldii]]'' – Japanese aspen (eastern Asia) **''[[Populus tremula]]'' – aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, quaking aspen (Europe, northern Asia) **''[[Populus tremuloides]]'' – quaking aspen or trembling aspen (North America) *'''[[Populus sect. Aigeiros|''Populus'' section ''Aigeiros'']] – black poplars, some of the cottonwoods''' (North America, Europe, western Asia; temperate) **''[[Populus deltoides]]'' – eastern cottonwood (eastern North America) **''[[Populus fremontii]]'' – Fremont cottonwood (western North America) **''[[Populus nigra]]'' – black poplar (Europe), placed here by nuclear DNA; [[Chloroplast DNA|cpDNA]] places it in sect. ''Populus'' (including ''Populus afghanica'') ***[[Populus × canadensis|''Populus'' × ''canadensis'']] (''P. deltoides'' × ''P. nigra'') – hybrid black poplar ***[[Populus × inopina|''Populus'' × ''inopina'']] (''P. nigra'' × ''P. fremontii'') – hybrid black poplar [[File:Populus lasiocarpa leaves 01 by Line1.JPG|thumb|upright|Leaves of ''[[Populus lasiocarpa]]'']] *'''[[Populus sect. Tacamahaca|''Populus'' section ''Tacamahaca'']] – balsam poplars''' (North America, Asia; cool temperate) **''[[Populus angustifolia]]'' – willow-leaved poplar or narrowleaf cottonwood (central North America) **''[[Populus balsamifera]]'' – Balsam poplar (northern North America) (= ''P. candicans'', ''P. tacamahaca'') **''[[Populus cathayana]]'' – (northeast Asia) ** ''[[Populus ciliata]]'' – (Asia) **''[[Populus koreana]]'' <small>J.Rehnder</small> – Korean poplar (northeast Asia) **''[[Populus laurifolia]]'' – laurel-leaf poplar (central Asia) **''[[Populus maximowiczii]]'' <small>A.Henry</small> – Maximowicz' poplar, Korean poplar, Mongolian poplar, Japanese poplar (northeast Asia) **''[[Populus simonii]]'' – Simon's poplar (northeast Asia) **''[[Populus suaveolens]]'' <small>Fischer</small> – Korean poplar, Mongolian poplar, Japanese poplar (northeast Asia) **''[[Populus szechuanica]]'' – Sichuan poplar (northeast Asia), placed here by nuclear DNA; [[Chloroplast DNA|cpDNA]] places it in sect. ''Aigeiros'' **''[[Populus trichocarpa]]'' – western balsam poplar or black cottonwood (western North America) **''[[Populus tristis]]'' (northeast Asia), placed here by nuclear DNA; [[Chloroplast DNA|cpDNA]] places it in sect. ''Aigeiros'' **''[[Populus ussuriensis]]'' – Ussuri poplar (northeast Asia) **''[[Populus yunnanensis]]'' – Yunnan poplar (east Asia) *'''''Populus'' section ''Leucoides'' – necklace poplars or bigleaf poplars''' (eastern North America, eastern Asia; warm temperate) **''[[Populus heterophylla]]'' – downy poplar (southeastern North America) **''[[Populus lasiocarpa]]'' – Chinese necklace poplar (eastern Asia) **''[[Populus wilsonii]]'' – Wilson's poplar (eastern Asia) *'''''Populus'' section ''Turanga'' – subtropical poplars''' (southwest Asia, east Africa; subtropical to tropical) **''[[Populus euphratica]]'' – Euphrates poplar (North Africa, southwest and central Asia) **''[[Populus ilicifolia]]'' – Tana River poplar (East Africa) *'''''Populus'' section ''Abaso'' – Mexican poplars''' (Mexico; subtropical to tropical) **''[[Populus guzmanantlensis]]'' (Mexico) (may be conspecific with ''[[Populus simaroa]]'') **''[[Populus mexicana]]'' – Mexico poplar (Mexico) *'''Intersectional hybrids''' **''[[Populus × acuminata]]'' (''P. angustifolia × P. deltoides'') – lanceleaf cottonwood **''Populus'' [[Pacific albus]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.collinsco.com/Library/Archives/ForestrySourceJuly2009.pdf |title=A Forest in the Desert: Hybrid Poplar Plantation Feeds New Mill |access-date=3 October 2019 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129201055/http://www.collinsco.com/Library/Archives/ForestrySourceJuly2009.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> (North America)
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