Editing PowerBook (section)

===PowerBook 100 series===
{{Main|PowerBook 100 series}}
[[Image:Powerbook 150.jpg|thumb|The [[PowerBook 150]]]]
In October 1991, Apple released the first three PowerBooks: the low-end [[PowerBook 100]], the more powerful [[PowerBook 140]], and the high end [[PowerBook 170]], the only one with an [[active matrix]] display. These machines caused a stir in the industry with their compact dark grey cases, built-in [[trackball]], and the innovative positioning of the keyboard that left room for palmrests on either side of the [[pointing device]]. Portable PC computers at the time were still oriented toward DOS, and tended to have the keyboard forward towards the user, with empty space behind it that was often used for [[function key]] [[reference card]]s. In the early days of [[Microsoft Windows]], many [[Notebook (laptop)|notebook computer]]s came with a clip on trackball that fit on the edge of the keyboard molding. As usage of DOS gave way to the [[graphical user interface]], the PowerBook's arrangement became the standard layout all future notebooks would follow.

The PowerBook 140 and 170 were the original PowerBook designs, while the PowerBook 100 was the result of Apple having sent the schematics of the Mac Portable to [[Sony]], who miniaturized the components. Hence the PowerBook 100's design does not match those of the rest of the series, as it was actually designed after the 140 and 170 and further benefited from improvements learned during their development. The PowerBook 100, however, did not sell well until Apple dropped the price substantially.

The 100 series PowerBooks were intended to tie into the rest of the Apple desktop products utilizing the corporate [[Snow White design language]] incorporated into all product designs since 1986. Unlike the Macintosh Portable, however, which was essentially a battery-powered desktop in weight and size, the light colors and decorative recessed lines did not seem appropriate for the scaled-down designs. In addition to adopting the darker grey colour scheme that coordinated with the official corporate look, they also adopted a raised series of ridges mimicking the indented lines on the desktops. The innovative look not only unified their entire product line, but set Apple apart in the marketplace. These early series would be the last to utilize the aging Snow White look, with the 190 adopting a new look along with the introduction of the 500 series.<ref>"Kunkel, Paul, AppleDesign: The work of the Apple Industrial Design Group, with photographs by Rick English, New York: Graphis, 1997, p.30</ref>

The first series of PowerBooks were hugely successful, capturing 40% of all laptop sales. Despite this, the original team left to work at [[Compaq]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://lowendmac.com/2016/birth-of-the-powerbook-how-apple-took-over-the-portable-market-in-1991/ | publisher = Low End Mac | title = Birth of the Powerbook | date = July 12, 2016 | access-date = March 18, 2018 | archive-date = September 15, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220915134928/https://lowendmac.com/2016/birth-of-the-powerbook-how-apple-took-over-the-portable-market-in-1991/ | url-status = live }}</ref> setting back updated versions for some time.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} When attempting to increase processing power, Apple was hampered by the overheating problems of the [[Motorola 68040|68040]]; this resulted in the 100-series PowerBook being stuck with the aging [[Motorola 68030|68030]], which could not compete with newer-generation [[Intel 80486]]-based PC laptops introduced in 1994. For several years, new PowerBook and PowerBook Duo computers were introduced that featured incremental improvements, including color screens, but by mid-decade, most other companies had copied the majority of the PowerBook's features. Apple was unable to ship a 68040-equipped PowerBook until the [[PowerBook 500 series]] in 1994.

The original PowerBook 100, 140, and 170 were replaced by the [[PowerBook 145|145]] (updated to the [[PowerBook 145B|145B]] in 1993), [[PowerBook 160|160]], and [[PowerBook 180|180]] in 1992. The 160 and 180 have video output, allowing them to drive an external monitor. In addition, the PowerBook 180 had a superb-for-the-time active-matrix grayscale display, making it popular with the Mac press. In 1993, the [[PowerBook 160|PowerBook 165c]] was the first PowerBook with a color screen, later followed by the [[PowerBook 180|180c]]. In 1994, the last true member of the 100-series form factor introduced was the [[PowerBook 150]], targeted at value-minded consumers and students. The [[PowerBook 190]], released in 1995, bears no resemblance to the rest of the PowerBook 100 series, and is in fact simply a [[Motorola 68LC040]]-based version of the [[PowerBook 5300]] (and the last Macintosh model to utilize a [[Motorola]] [[68k]]-family processor). Like the 190, however, the 150 also used the 5300 [[Integrated Drive Electronics|IDE]]-based logic-board architecture. From the 100's [[68000]] processor, to the 190's [[68LC040]] processor, the 100 series PowerBooks span the entire Apple 68K line, with the 190 even upgradable to a [[PowerPC]] processor.