Editing Power nap (section)

==Research==
===Potential benefits===
Power naps intend to restore [[alertness]], performance, and learning ability.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dhand |first1=Rajiv |last2=Sohal |first2=Harjyot |year=2007 |title=Good sleep, bad sleep! The role of daytime naps in healthy adults |journal=Current Opinion in Internal Medicine |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=91–94 |doi=10.1097/01.mcp.0000245703.92311.d0 |pmid=17053484|s2cid=30067543 }}</ref><ref name="Pmid">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00622.x |title=An ultra short episode of sleep is sufficient to promote declarative memory performance |year=2008 |last1=Lahl |first1=Olaf |last2=Wispel |first2=Christiane |last3=Willigens |first3=Bernadette |last4=Pietrowsky |first4=Reinhard |journal=Journal of Sleep Research |volume=17 |pages=3–10 |pmid=18275549 |issue=1|s2cid=12623878 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A nap may also reverse the hormonal impact of a night of poor sleep or reverse the damage of [[sleep deprivation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencealert.com/napping-may-be-able-to-reverse-the-damage-of-sleep-deprivation|title=Napping may be able to reverse the damage of sleep deprivation|publisher=sciencealert|access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> A [[University of Düsseldorf]] study found superior memory recall once a person had reached 6 minutes of sleep, suggesting that the onset of sleep may initiate active memory processes of consolidation which—once triggered—remains effective even if sleep is terminated.<ref name="Pmid" />

According to [[clinical studies]] among men and women, power nappers of any frequency or duration had a [[Significance test|significantly]] lower [[mortality ratio]] due to [[heart disease]] than those not napping. Specifically, those occasionally napping had a 12% lower [[Coronary circulation|coronary]] mortality, whereas those systematically napping had a 37% lower coronary mortality.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Naska|first=Androniki|date=2007-02-12|title=Siesta in Healthy Adults and Coronary Mortality in the General Population|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=296–301|doi=10.1001/archinte.167.3.296|pmid=17296887|issn=0003-9926|doi-access=free}}</ref>

A [[Flinders University]] study of individuals restricted to only five hours of sleep per night found a 10-minute nap was overall the most recuperative nap duration of various nap lengths they examined (lengths of 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, and 30 minutes): the 5-minute nap produced few benefits in comparison with the no-nap control; the 10-minute nap produced immediate improvements in all outcome measures (including [[sleep onset latency]], subjective [[sleepiness]], fatigue, vigor, and cognitive performance), with some of these benefits maintained for as long as 155 minutes; the 20-minute nap was associated with improvements emerging 35 minutes after napping and lasting up to 125 minutes after napping; and the 30-minute nap produced a period of impaired alertness and performance immediately after napping, indicative of sleep inertia, followed by improvements lasting up to 155 minutes after the nap.<ref name="Pmid_a">{{cite journal |pmid=16796222 |year=2006 |last1=Brooks |first1=A |last2=Lack |first2=L |title=A brief afternoon nap following nocturnal sleep restriction: Which nap duration is most recuperative? |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=831–40 |journal=Sleep|doi=10.1093/sleep/29.6.831 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The [[NASA Ames]] Fatigue Countermeasures Group studied the effects of sleep loss and [[jet lag]], and conducts training to counter these effects. A major fatigue countermeasures recommendation consists of a 40-minute nap ("NASA nap") which empirically showed to improve flight crew performance and alertness with a 22% statistical risk of entering SWS.<ref name="human-factors.arc.nasa.gov">{{cite web |url=http://human-factors.arc.nasa.gov/zteam/fcp/pubs/jsr.art.html |title=NASA: Alertness Management: Strategic Naps in Operational Settings |year=1995 |access-date=2012-04-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419073208/http://human-factors.arc.nasa.gov/zteam/fcp/pubs/jsr.art.html |archive-date=2012-04-19 }}</ref>

For several years, scientists have been investigating the benefits of napping, both the power nap and much longer sleep durations as long as 1–2 hours. Performance across a wide range of cognitive processes has been tested.<ref name="human-factors.arc.nasa.gov"/> Studies demonstrate that naps are as good as a night of sleep for some types of memory tasks.

A [[NASA]] study led by [[David F. Dinges]], professor at the [[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine]], found that naps can improve certain memory functions.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.09.022 |title=Optimizing sleep/wake schedules in space: Sleep during chronic nocturnal sleep restriction with and without diurnal naps |year=2007 |last1=Mollicone |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Van Dongen |first2=Hans P.A. |last3=Dinges |first3=David F. |journal=Acta Astronautica |volume=60 |issue=4–7 |pages=354|bibcode=2007AcAau..60..354M }}</ref> In that NASA study, volunteers spent several days living on one of 18 different sleep schedules, all in a laboratory setting. To measure the effectiveness of the naps, tests probing memory, alertness, response time, and other cognitive skills were used.

Power Napping Enablers and sleep timers allow properly timed power napping.

One study showed that a midday snooze reverses [[information overload]]. Reporting in ''[[Nature Neuroscience]]'', [[Sara Mednick]], PhD, Stickgold and colleagues also demonstrated that "burnout" irritation, frustration and poorer performance on a mental task can set in as a day of training wears on. This study also proved that, in some cases, napping could even boost performance to an individual's top levels. The NIMH team wrote: "The bottom line is: we should stop feeling guilty about taking that 'power nap' at work."<ref name="renamed_from_2002_on_20101220232550">{{cite web |url=http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2002/nimh-02.htm |title=The National Institute of Mental Health Power Nap Study |date=2002-07-01 |access-date=2002-07-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020802060144/http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2002/nimh-02.htm |archive-date=2002-08-02 }}</ref>

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied the effects of socioeconomic status on short sleep durations. In this 2007-2008 CDCP study, 4,850 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) produced self-reported sleep durations. It was suggested through this study that individuals with minority status and a lower ranking in socioeconomic position are more inclined to have shorter self-reported sleep [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945710000961 durations].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grandner |first=Michael A. |last2=Patel |first2=Nirav P. |last3=Gehrman |first3=Philip R. |last4=Xie |first4=Dawei |last5=Sha |first5=Daohang |last6=Weaver |first6=Terri |last7=Gooneratne |first7=Nalaka |date=2010-05-01 |title=Who gets the best sleep? Ethnic and socioeconomic factors related to sleep complaints |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945710000961 |journal=Sleep Medicine |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=470–478 |doi=10.1016/j.sleep.2009.10.006 |issn=1389-9457|pmc=2861987 }}</ref> 

===Potential risks and detriments===
{{Expand section|date=April 2022}}
Longer and more frequent daytime naps appeared to be associated with a higher risk of [[Alzheimer's dementia]] in a study that tracked 1401 older<!--65 years or older--> people over 14 years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Long naps may be early sign of Alzheimer's disease, study shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/mar/17/naps-early-sign-alzheimers-disease-study |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=17 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Peng |last2=Gao |first2=Lei |last3=Yu |first3=Lei |last4=Zheng |first4=Xi |last5=Ulsa |first5=Ma Cherrysse |last6=Yang |first6=Hui-Wen |last7=Gaba |first7=Arlen |last8=Yaffe |first8=Kristine |last9=Bennett |first9=David A. |last10=Buchman |first10=Aron S. |last11=Hu |first11=Kun |last12=Leng |first12=Yue |title=Daytime napping and Alzheimer's dementia: A potential bidirectional relationship |journal=Alzheimer's & Dementia |date=17 March 2022 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=158–168 |doi=10.1002/alz.12636 | pmid=35297533 |pmc=9481741 |language=en |issn=1552-5260 }}</ref> Links have also been proposed between these types of naps and [[cardiovascular disease]], though the evidence is largely inconclusive. A series of studies by the medical journal [[Sleep (journal)|Sleep]] demonstrated that people who nap for an hour or more a day had 1.82 times the rate of cardiovascular disease than people who didn't nap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Precker |first=Michael |date=July 22, 2020 |title=Enjoy your nap, but be aware of the pros and cons |url=https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/07/22/enjoy-your-nap-but-be-aware-of-the-pros-and-cons |website=American Heart Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yamada |first1=Tomohide |last2=Hara |first2=Kazuo |last3=Shojima |first3=Nobuhiro |last4=Yamauchi |first4=Toshimasa |last5=Kadowaki |first5=Takashi |date=December 1, 2015 |title=Daytime Napping and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis |journal=Sleep |volume=38 |issue=12 |pages=1945–1953 |doi=10.5665/sleep.5246 |pmid=26158892 |pmc=4667384 }}</ref>