Editing Power play (section)

===Ice hockey===

{{Main|Penalty (ice hockey)}}

In [[ice hockey]], a team is considered to be on a power play when at least one opposing player is serving a penalty, and the team has a numerical advantage on the ice (whenever both teams have the same number of players on the ice, there is no power play). Up to two players per side may serve in the penalty box without substitutions being permitted, giving a team up to a possible 5-on-3 power play.

There are three types of penalties that can result in a power play for the non-offending team: minor (two minutes), double-minor (four minutes), and major (five minutes). For such penalties, the offending player is ruled off the ice and no substitute for the penalized player is permitted. If a goaltender commits either a minor, a double-minor, or a major penalty, another player who was on the ice at the time of the penalty would serve the penalty instead.<ref>{{cite web|author=National Hockey League|title=2017&ndash;18 National Hockey League Official Rules|pages=40&ndash;41|url=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/en/v3/ext/rules/2017-2018-NHL-rulebook.pdf|website=nhl.com|publisher=National Hockey League|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=International Ice Hockey Federation |title=IIHF Official Rulebook 2014&ndash;2018 |page=111|url=http://www.iihf.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Sport/IIHF_Official_Rule_Book_2014-18_Web_V6.pdf |website=iihf.com |publisher=International Ice Hockey Federation |access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> A power play resulting from a minor penalty ends if the team with more players on the ice scores. A double-minor penalty is treated as if the player has committed two minor penalties back to back: a goal scored by the team with advantage in the first two minutes only ends the first minor penalty (and the second will start after the game restarts); a goal by the team with advantage in the last two minutes of the penalty will end the power play even if a goal was scored during the first part of the double-minor penalty. If a player is given a major penalty, a power play occurs, but the power play does not terminate even if the team on the power play scores (except in overtime as this ends the game); a major penalty only ends when five minutes have elapsed or the game has ended. A match penalty results in the offending player being ejected from the game (and the player is subject to possible further suspensions), but is otherwise treated the same as a major penalty.

If a team is still on a power play at the end of a regulation period, or at the end of a playoff overtime period, the power play will continue into the following period, although they do not carry into the next game of a series during the playoffs. "Misconduct" penalties (10 minutes in duration), and "game misconduct" penalties (offending player is ejected for the balance of the game) allow for substitution of the offending player, so do not result in power plays.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Hockey for Dummies|title=Controlling a Power Play in Hockey|url=http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/controlling-a-power-play-in-hockey.html|access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref> However, in practice misconduct and game misconduct penalties are often assessed in addition to a major or minor penalty.

Special rules govern situations where three or more players on the same team must serve penalties simultaneously. They are designed to ensure a team can always have at least three skaters on the ice whilst also ensuring all penalties are fully "served" (assuming the game does not end first). In the simplest example, if Andy is assessed a minor penalty, followed by Barry, and both are still in the penalty box when Charlie also receives a minor penalty:
*Charlie may be substituted prior to play resuming;
*The two minutes Charlie must serve do not commence until Andy's penalty expires or team on the power play scores, whichever comes first;
*If the team on the power play scores prior to Andy's penalty expiring but before Barry's, Andy's penalty ends and he may leave the penalty box, but his team must still play two men short until Barry's penalty expires;
*If the team on the power play does not score prior to Andy's penalty expiring, Andy must remain in the penalty box until Barry's penalty expires or there is a stoppage in play, whichever comes first;
*Provided there is no stoppage in play, Andy will leave the penalty box when Barry's penalty expires, Barry will leave the penalty box when Charlie's penalty expires (putting their team back at full strength) and Charlie will remain in the penalty box until the next stoppage in play.

A goal scored by the short-handed team during a power play is called a short-handed goal; However, a short-handed goal does not affect the power play, as the short-handed team must still serve the duration of the minor penalty. If a power play ends without a goal against the shorthanded team, it is said to have ''killed the penalty''. If a team scores on the power play, it is said to have ''converted'' the power play (that is, converted the opportunity into a goal).

During a power play, the shorthanded team may launch the puck to the opposite end of the rink, and play will continue; [[icing (hockey)|icing]] is not called. The only exception is in U.S. youth hockey (14-and-under), in which icing is enforced at all times.

In leagues that conduct overtime with fewer than five skaters per side, the concept of the power play still exists, but its application is slightly modified. For example, the NHL uses a 3-on-3 format for overtime in the regular season, with three skaters plus the goaltender. If regulation play ends with a team on the power play, the advantaged team starts overtime with more than three skaters (almost always four, very rarely five). Similarly, if a player is penalized during overtime, the non-penalized team is allowed to play with an extra skater for the duration of the penalty, and with two extra skaters if two players on the same team are serving penalties.