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Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
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== Society == {{Location map+|Mediterranean east|width=300|float=right|caption=Clickable map of the modern-day eastern [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] showing important sites that were occupied in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B|places= {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=31.85|long=35.45|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Jericho]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=33.4|long=36.55|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Aswad]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=34.008889|long=36.145278|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Neba'a Faour]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=31.988|long=35.976|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)|'Ain Ghazal]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=32.755375|long=35.227725|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Yiftahel]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=35.866|long=38.4|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Abu Hureyra]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=33.360178|long=35.948949|position=left|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Ramad]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=33.532|long=36.531|position=bottom|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Ghoraifé]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=36.2|long=36.15|position=bottom|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Judaidah]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=36.2475|long=36.376389|position=right|label_size=75|label=[[Tell Tayinat]]}} {{Location map~|Mediterranean east|lat=36.237778|long=36.384722|position=top|label_size=75|label=[[Alalakh]]}} }} [[File:Asikli Hoyuk sarah c murray 6176.jpg|thumb|left|Reconstitution of housing in [[Aşıklı Höyük]], modern [[Turkey]]]] [[Danielle Stordeur|Danielle Stordeur's]] recent work at [[Tell Aswad]], a large agricultural village between [[Mount Hermon]] and [[Damascus]] could not validate [[Henri de Contenson|Henri de Contenson's]] earlier suggestion of a PPNA ''Aswadian'' culture. Instead, they found evidence of a fully established PPNB culture at 8700 BC at Aswad, pushing back the period's generally accepted start date by 1,200 years. Similar sites to [[Tell Aswad]] in the Damascus Basin of the same age were found at [[Tell Ramad]] and [[Tell Ghoraifé]]. How a PPNB culture could spring up in this location, practicing domesticated farming from 8700 BC has been the subject of speculation. Whether it created its own culture or imported traditions from the North East or [[Southern Levant]] has been considered an important question for a site that poses a problem for the scientific community.<ref>Helmer D.; Gourichon L., Premières données sur les modalités de subsistance dans les niveaux récents de Tell Aswad (Damascène, Syrie) – fouilles 2001-2005., 2008.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Archaeozoology of the Southwest Asia and Adjacent Areas VIII. Actes du 8e colloque de l'ASWA |publisher=Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient |year=2008 |editor-last=Vila |editor-first=E. |volume=1 |location=Lyon |pages=119–151 |chapter=49 |editor-last2=Gourichon |editor-first2=L. |editor-last3=Buitenhuis |editor-first3=H. |editor-last4=Choyke |editor-first4=A. |display-editors=3}}</ref><ref>Helmer D. et Gourichon L., Premières données sur les modalités de subsistances dans les niveaux récents (PPNB moyen à Néolithique à Poterie) de Tell Aswad en Damascène (Syrie), Fouilles 2001–2005, in Vila E. et Gourichon L. (eds), ASWA Lyon June 2006., 2007.</ref><ref>Stordeur D. Tell Aswad. Résultats préliminaires des campagnes 2001 et 2002. Neo Lithics 1/03, 7-15, 2003.</ref><ref>Stordeur D. Des crânes surmodelés à Tell Aswad de Damascène. (PPNB – Syrie). Paléorient, CNRS Editions, 29/2, 109-116., 2003.</ref><ref>Stordeur D.; Jammous B.; Khawam R.; Morero E. L'aire funéraire de Tell Aswad (PPNB). In HUOT J.-L. et STORDEUR D. (Eds) Hommage à H. de Contenson. Syria, n° spécial, 83, 39-62., 2006.</ref><ref>Stordeur D., Khawam R. Les crânes surmodelés de Tell Aswad (PPNB, Syrie). Premier regard sur l’ensemble, premières réflexions. Syria, 84, 5-32., 2007.</ref><ref>Stordeur D., Khawam R. Une place pour les morts dans les maisons de Tell Aswad (Syrie). (Horizon PPNB ancien et PPNB moyen). Workshop Houses for the living and a place for the dead, Hommage à J. Cauvin. Madrid, 5ICAANE., 2008.</ref>
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