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Private press
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== Etymological perspective == The private press movement, and its renowned body of work β relative to the larger world of book arts in [[Western culture|Western civilization]] β is narrow and recent. From one perspective, collections relating to book arts date back to before the [[High Middle Ages]]. As an illustration of scope and influence, a 1980 exhibition at the [[Catholic University of America]], "The Monastic Imprint," highlighted the influence of book arts and textual scholarship from 1200 to 1980, displaying hundreds of diplomas, manuscript [[codices]], [[incunabula]], printed volumes, and [[calligraphic]] and private press [[ephemera]]. The displays focused on five areas: (1) [[Christian monasticism|Medieval Monasticism]], Spirituality, and Scribal Culture, A.D. 1200β1500; (2) Early Printing and the Monastic Scholarly Tradition, ca. 1450β1600; (3) Early modern Monastic Printing and Scholarly Publishing, A.D. 1650β1800; (4) Modern Survivals: Monastic Scriptoria, Private Presses, and Academic Publishing, 1800β1980.<ref name="Monastic-Imprint 1980" /><ref name="Journal-Library-History 1980 Fall" /> The earliest descriptive references to private presses were by Bernardus A. Mallinckrodt of [[Mainz]], Germany, in {{lang|la|De ortu ac progressu artis typographicae dissertatio historica}} (Cologne, 1639). The earliest in-depth writing about private presses was by [[Adam Heinrich Lackmann]] [[:de:Adam Heinrich Lackmann|(de)]] (1694β1754) in {{lang|la|Annalium Typographicorum, Selecta Quaedam Capita}} (Hamburg, 1740).<ref name="Dekker-Encyclopedia Vo. 24" />
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