Editing Progress (spacecraft) (section)

== Versions ==
Five major variants of the Progress spacecraft have been flown so far: [[Progress 7K-TG]] (1978–1990), [[Progress M|Progress M 11F615A55]] (1989–2009), [[Progress M1]] (2000–2004), [[Progress M|Progress M 11F615A60]] (2008–2015) and [[Progress MS]] (since 2015). 

In addition, three custom Progress M variants were launched to deliver ISS modules ''[[Pirs (ISS module)|Pirs]]'' in 2001, ''[[Poisk (ISS module)|Poisk]]'' in 2009 and ''[[Prichal (ISS module)|Prichal]]'' in 2021.

=== Progress 7K-TG (1978–1990) ===
{{main|Progress 7K-TG}}
[[File:Progress drawing.svg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Progress logistics resupply spacecraft. It consists of the dry cargo module (left); the tanker compartment (center); and a stretched service module (right).]]

There were 42 spacecraft built using the initial Progress design, the last one being launched in May 1990.

The bureau in charge of designing the freighter was [[Energia (corporation)|TsKBEM]] (now [[Energia (corporation)|RKK Energia]]). They began work on the design in mid-1973, assigning Progress the [[GRAU]] index 11F615A15. The design was complete by February 1974, and the first production model was ready for launch in November 1977. [[Progress 1]] launched on 20 January 1978 aboard the same rocket used to launch the Soyuz. It still featured the same launch shroud as the Soyuz, though this was purely for aerodynamic purposes as the [[launch escape system]] had been deactivated.

This first version of Progress had a mass of {{cvt|7020|kg}} and carried {{cvt|2300|kg}} of cargo, or 30% of its [[launch mass]]. It had the same diameter as the Soyuz at {{cvt|2.2|m}}, but was {{cvt|8|m}} in length – slightly longer. The autonomous flight time was 3 days, the same time as that of the Soyuz ferry. It could spend 30 days docked. Progress always docked to the aft port of the station it was resupplying (the aft being where the main rocket engines of the station and their tankage, for refueling by the Progress, are located).

* Launch mass: {{cvt|7020|-|7249|kg}}
* Mass of cargo:
** ~{{cvt|2300|kg}} (before Progress-24)
** ~{{cvt|2500|kg}} (from Progress-24)
* Length: {{cvt|7.94|m}}
* Diameter of cargo modules: {{cvt|2.2|m}}
* Maximum diameter: {{cvt|2.72|m}}
* Volume of cargo compartment: {{cvt|6.6|m3}}

=== Progress M 11F615A55 (1989–2009) ===
{{main|Progress M}}
[[File:Progress-M drawing.svg|thumb|Diagram of exterior of the Progress M]]
[[File:Progress-M spacecraft (with captions).svg|thumb|Diagram of interior of the Progress M]]

The upgraded '''Progress M''' ([[GRAU]]: 11F615A55, manufacturer's designation: 7K-TGM) was first launched in August 1989. The first 43 flights all went to [[Mir]]; following Mir's re-entry, Progress was used as the resupply vehicle for the [[International Space Station]]. As of December 2020, there have been over 80 flights (over different configurations) to the ISS and more are scheduled.<ref name="Nasa Launch Schedule">{{cite web|title=NASA Launch Schedule and NASA|url=http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The Progress M is essentially the same spacecraft as the Progress, but it features improvements based on the [[Soyuz-T]] and [[Soyuz-TM]] designs. It can spend up to 30 days in autonomous flight and is able to carry {{cvt|100|kg}} more. Also, unlike the old Progress crafts, it can return items to [[Earth]]. This is accomplished by using the [[VBK-Raduga]] capsule, which can carry up to {{cvt|150|kg}} of cargo. It is {{cvt|1.5|m}} long and {{cvt|60|cm}} in diameter and has a "[[dry mass]]" of {{cvt|350|kg}}. Progress M can also dock to the forward port of the station and still transfer fuel. It uses the same [[Space rendezvous|rendezvous system]] as the Soyuz, and it features solar panels for the first time. 

* Launch mass: {{cvt|7130|kg}}
* Cargo mass: {{cvt|2600|kg}}
* Dry cargo mass: {{cvt|1500|kg}}
* Liquid cargo mass: {{cvt|1540|kg}}
* Length: {{cvt|7.23|m}}
* Diameter of cargo modules: {{cvt|2.2|m}}
* Maximum diameter: {{cvt|2.72|m}}
* Dry cargo compartment volume: {{cvt|7.6|m3}}
* Solar array span: {{cvt|10.6|m}}

In addition to the traditional Progress-M spacecraft, three modified "[[space tug]]" versions were built to deliver modules to the ISS. These variants lacked a pressurized cargo section and had a heavily modified tanker section. [[Progress DC-1]] delivered ''[[Pirs (ISS module)|Pirs]]'' in 2001, [[Progress M-MIM2]] delivered ''[[Poisk (ISS module)|Poisk]]'' in 2009 and [[Progress M-UM]] delivered ''[[Prichal (ISS module)|Prichal]]'' in 2021.

=== Progress M 11F615A60 (2008–2015) ===
[[File:ISS-11 The hatch of the Progress 18 resupply craft.jpg|thumb|Interior of a Progress cargo section]]
{{main|Progress M}}

A new modification of the Progress spacecraft, with new TsVM-101 digital flight computer and MBITS digital telemetry system,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/progress-m-m.htm |title=Progress M-01M – 25M (11F615A60, 7KTGM)|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref> was first launched on 26 November 2008, at 12:38 UTC from the Kazakhstan's Baikonur Cosmodrome spaceport aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. The first spacecraft of this series was [[Progress M-01M]].

The spacecraft belongs to the so-called 400 series ([[GRAU]]: 11F615A60), and all modifications applied to it were subsequently used in the production of new [[Soyuz TMA-01M]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/soyuz-tma-m.htm|title=Soyuz-TMA 01M – 16M (7K-STMA, 11F747)|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref> crewed spacecraft.

[[Progress M-27M]] was launched on 28 April 2015, but communication with the vessel was lost soon after, and it was destroyed as it re-entered the atmosphere on 8 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.federalspace.ru/21474/|title=РОСКОСМОС: ТГК "ПРОГРЕСС М-27М" ПРЕКРАТИЛ СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЕ|date=8 May 2015|publisher=Federal Space|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=8 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508073747/http://www.federalspace.ru/21474/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The last launch was [[Progress M-29M]].

=== Progress M1 (2000–2004) ===
{{main|Progress M1}}

'''Progress M1''' is another variant, capable of carrying more propellant (but less total cargo) to the ISS. There have been 11 of these flights.

* Mass: {{cvt|7150|kg}}
* Capacity cargo: {{cvt|2230|kg}}
* Capacity dry cargo: {{cvt|1800|kg}}
* Capacity propellant: {{cvt|1950|kg}}

=== Progress M2 ===
'''Progress M2''' was a planned variant, which was a proposed design for the proposed [[Mir-2]] space station, but was dropped due to financial issues. The M2 variant would have a larger service module for larger cargo or space station modules and would have been launched on a Zenit rocket as the spacecraft is bigger.

=== Progress MS (2015–present) ===
{{main|Progress MS}}
Progress MS (Modernized Systems) is an improved variant, largely focused on replacing pieces of outdated analogue equipment, many of which were no longer in production, with new digital systems. Key updates include a new flight control system, the new [[Kurs-NA]] rendezvous system, a new communications and telemetry system, additional micro-meteoroid protection, an improved [[SSVP docking system|docking mechanism]], a digital camera system, and a [[CubeSat]] deployment platform. The first Progress MS flight launched on [[Progress MS-01|21 December 2015]].<ref name="RSW20151221">{{cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/progress-ms.html|title=Progress-MS|publisher=RussianSpaceWeb.com|first1=Anatoly|last1=Zak|date=16 November 2018|access-date=4 June 2019}}</ref>