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Proline
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== Biosynthesis == Proline is [[Biosynthesis|biosynthetically]] derived from the amino acid <small>L</small>-[[glutamate]]. [[Glutamate-5-semialdehyde]] is first formed by [[glutamate 5-kinase]] (ATP-dependent) and [[glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase]] (which requires NADH or NADPH). This can then either spontaneously cyclize to form [[1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid]], which is reduced to proline by [[pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase]] (using NADH or NADPH), or turned into [[ornithine]] by [[ornithine aminotransferase]], followed by cyclisation by [[ornithine cyclodeaminase]] to form proline.<ref>{{Lehninger3rd|name-list-style=vanc}}.</ref> [[File:Betain-Proline.png|thumb|left|260px|[[Zwitterion]]ic structure of both proline enantiomers: (''S'')-proline (left) and (''R'')-proline]]
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