Editing Protest (section)

==Forms==
{{see also|Repertoire of contention}}
[[File:Vicent-van-Volkmer-Bienen-Aktivist-Demo-29.08.2020 Berlin Covid-19 Pandemie.jpg|thumb|Protester with a "Free The Bee" placard during the COVID-19 protests in Berlin on 29th of August 2020, near the [[Brandenburg Gate]]]]
A protest can take many forms.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Baldwin|first1=Brent|last2=Kruszewski|first2=Jackie|title=Why They Keep Fighting: Richmond Protesters Explain Their Resistance to Trump's America|url=http://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/why-they-keep-fighting-richmond-protesters-explain-their-resistance-to-trumps-america/Content?oid=2846422|website=Style Weekly|date=28 March 2017 |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Pinckney">{{cite web |last1=Pinckney |date=March 25, 2020 |first1=Jonathan |last2=Rivers |first2=Miranda |title=Nonviolent Action in the Time of Coronavirus |url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/03/nonviolent-action-time-coronavirus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326202201/https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/03/nonviolent-action-time-coronavirus |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2020 |website=U.S. Institute of Peace |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref>
Willingness to participate is influenced by individuals' ties within [[social network]]s. Social connections can affect both the spread of factual information about a protest and [[social pressure]]s on participants.<ref name="Larson"/> 
Willing to participate will also vary depending on the type of protest. 
Likelihood that someone will respond to a protest is also affected by group identification, and by the types of tactics involved.<ref name="Bugden">{{cite journal |last1=Bugden |first1=Dylan |title=Does Climate Protest Work? Partisanship, Protest, and Sentiment Pools |journal=Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |date=January 2020 |volume=6 |pages=237802312092594 |doi=10.1177/2378023120925949 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Dynamics of Collective Action project and the [[Global Nonviolent Action Database]]<ref>[http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/ Global Nonviolent Action Database]</ref> are two of the leading data collection efforts attempting to capture information about protest events. The Dynamics of Collective Action project considers the repertoire of protest tactics (and their definitions) to include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/collectiveaction/cgi-bin/drupal/node/3|title=Dynamics of Collective Action Project|publisher=Stanford University}}</ref>
* '''Rally''' or '''Demonstration''': Demonstration, rally, or similar protest, without reference to marching or walking in a [[Picketing|picket line]] or standing in a [[vigil]]. Reference to speeches, speakers, singing, or preaching, often verified by the presence of [[Public address system|PA sound equipment]] and sometimes by a platform or stage.  Ordinarily will include worship services, speeches, briefings.
* '''March''': Reference to moving from one location to another; to distinguish from rotating or walking in a circle with picket signs (which is a picket).
* '''Vigil''': Most vigils have banners, placards, or leaflets so that people passing by, despite silence from participants, can be informed about the purpose of the vigil.
* '''Picket''': The modal activity{{Clarify|reason=modal activity?|date=July 2020}} is picketing; there may be references to a picket line, informational picketing, or holding signs; "carrying signs and walking around in a circle". Holding signs, placards, or banners is not the defining criteria; rather, it is holding or carrying those items and walking a circular route, a phrase sometimes surprisingly found in the permit application.
* '''Civil Disobedience''': Explicit protest that involves deliberately breaking laws deemed unjust in order to protest them; crossing barricades, prohibited use of segregated facilities (such as [[Lunch counter protests|lunch-counters]] or restrooms), voter registration drives (to earn non-eligible people the right to vote), or tying up phone lines.
* '''Ceremony''': These celebrate or protest status transitions ranging from birth and death dates of individuals, organizations or nations; seasons; re-enlistment or commissioning of military personnel; or to anniversaries of any of the above. These are sometimes referenced by presenting flowers or wreaths commemorating, dedicating, or celebrating status transitions or their anniversary; e.g., an annual [[merchant marine]] memorial service, celebrating [[Hanukkah]] or Easter, or celebrating the birthday of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]
* '''[[Dramaturgical action|Dramaturgical]] Demonstration'''
* '''Motorcade''': Vehicular procession (electoral campaigns or other issues)
* '''Information distribution''': Tabling/petition gathering, lobbying, letter-writing campaigns, or [[teach-in]]s.
* '''Symbolic Display''': e.g., a [[Menorah (Hanukkah)|menorah]] or [[Nativity scene|creche scene]], graffiti, [[cross burning]], sign, or standing display.
* '''Attack''' by collective group (not-one-on-one [[assault]], crime, rape): Motivation for attack is the "other group's identity",{{Quote without source|date=July 2020}} as in [[Gay bashing|gay-bashing]] or [[lynching]]. Can also include verbal attacks or threats. (See [[hate crime]])
* '''Riot, melee, mob violence''': Large-scale (50+),{{Clarify|reason=50+ participants?|date=July 2020}} use of violence by instigators against persons, property, police, or buildings separately or in combination, lasting several hours.{{Vague|date=July 2020}}
* '''Strike, slow down, sick-ins, and employee work protest of any kind''': Regular air strike{{Definition needed|date=July 2020}} through failure of negotiations or wildcat air strike. (Make note if a [[Wildcat strike action|wildcat strike]].)
* '''Boycott''': Organized refusal to buy or use a product or service. Examples: [[rent strike]]s, [[Montgomery bus boycott]]s
* '''Press Conference''': Only if specifically named as such in report, and must be the predominant activity form. Could involve disclosure of information to "educate the public" or influence various decision-makers.
* '''Organization formation announcement''' or '''meeting announcement''': Meeting or press conference to announce the formation of a new organization.
* '''Conflict, attack or clash (no instigator)''': This includes any boundary conflict in which no instigator can be identified, i.e. Black/white conflicts, abortion/anti-abortion conflicts.
*'''Prayer Walk:''' A prayer walk is an activity that consists of walking and praying at the same time. {{Citation needed span|text=It is done not for the physical benefit but for the spiritual exercise, either publicly functioning as a demonstration or rally.|date=July 2020}}
* '''Lawsuit''': Legal maneuver by social movement organization or group.
*'''[[Peopleless protest|Peopleless Protest]]:''' Simultaneous online and offline protests involving physical representations of protesters in public spaces that are subsequently assembled online. Developed in Europe during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].  Holographic projections of protesters were used in Spain to highlight the use of anti-protest laws in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flesher Fominaya |first=Cristina |last2=Wood |first2=Lesley |date=2021-11-10 |title=Creative activism: Hologram protest |url=https://commonslibrary.org/creative-activism-hologram-protest/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref>

[[File:CommunistLiberty.webm|thumb|[[Union communiste libertaire|UCL]], [[anarchist]] protest in France, on October 16th during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]]]
The [[Global Nonviolent Action Database]] uses Gene Sharp's classification of 198 methods of nonviolent action. There is considerable overlap with the Dynamics of Collective Action repertoire, although the GNA repertoire includes more specific tactics. Together, the two projects help define tactics available to protesters and document instances of their use.