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Quadraphonic sound
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== Quadraphonic audio mixing == The [[Audio mixing (recorded music)#Mixing in surround sound|audio mixing]] process for four channel sound is different than for stereo versions of the same recording. Most studio equipment is designed for stereo only, so specialized multichannel mixing consoles and playback systems must be available. For classical music, producers have typically preferred an effect where the orchestra appears in stereo in only the front channels, and the natural reverberation or echo of the concert hall is in all the speakers. Some live concert recordings of popular music have also been mixed this way. Classical recordings rarely place primary or solo instruments in the rear channels, though it is done occasionally. A few classical recordings have been made from a perspective in which the listener seems to be seated in the middle of the orchestra. One example is the 1973 [[Columbia Masterworks]] recording of [[Béla Bartók]]'s ''[[Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók)|Concerto for Orchestra]]'', conducted by [[Pierre Boulez]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Boulez-Conducts-Bart%C3%B3k-New-York-Philharmonic-Concerto-For-Orchestra/release/3789458|title = Boulez Conducts Bartók, New York Philharmonic – Concerto for Orchestra (1973, Gatefold, Vinyl)|website = [[Discogs]]| date=April 1973 }}</ref> The original four channel recording was released on matrix LP and 8-track tape, and reissued on the [[Super Audio CD]] format by [[Dutton Vocalion]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Boulez-Conducts-Bart%C3%B3k-New-York-Philharmonic-Concerto-For-Orchestra/release/13230942|title = Boulez Conducts Bartók, New York Philharmonic – Concerto for Orchestra (2018, SACD)|website = [[Discogs]]| date=21 November 2018 }}</ref> Notes supplied with the recording indicate the direction from which each group of instruments can be heard. Pop, rock and jazz music producers have tended to employ a mixing style with a relatively high degree of musical separation between the four channels. This type of recording may place musical sounds in the rear channels that are of equal importance to the front channels. It can expand on the listener's sense of direction and spaciousness in a way similar to what happened when recording engineers introduced stereo recording. In some four channel recordings sounds move in full rotation around the listener. Mixing engineers can also aim for a hybrid effect between styles. While quadraphonic effects have sometimes been considered artificial, musical enjoyment can be dramatically enhanced by more fully involving the listener.
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