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===Common Extensible Cryogenic Engine=== [[File:Common Extensible Cryogenic Engine.jpg|thumb|The CECE at partial throttle]] In the early 2000s, NASA contracted with [[Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne]] to develop the Common Extensible Cryogenic Engine (CECE) demonstrator. CECE was intended to lead to RL10 engines capable of deep throttling.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Common Extensible Cryogenic Engine (CECE) |url=http://www.pw.utc.com/products/pwr/propulsion_solutions/cece.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304081145/http://www.pw.utc.com/products/pwr/propulsion_solutions/cece.asp |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |publisher=United Technologies Corporation |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2007, its operability (with some "chugging") was demonstrated at 11:1 throttle ratios.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 16, 2007 |title=Throttling Back to the Moon |url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/16jul_cece.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402064331/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/16jul_cece.htm |archive-date=April 2, 2010 |publisher=NASA |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2009, NASA reported successfully throttling from 104 percent thrust to eight percent thrust, a record for an expander cycle engine of this type. Chugging was eliminated by injector and propellant feed system modifications that control the pressure, temperature and flow of propellants.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 14, 2009 |title=NASA Tests Engine Technology for Landing Astronauts on the Moon |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jan/HQ_09-005_Cryo_engine_test.html |publisher=NASA}}</ref> In 2010, the throttling range was expanded further to a 17.6:1 ratio, throttling from 104% to 5.9% power.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giuliano |first=Victor |date=July 25, 2010 |title=CECE: Expanding the Envelope of Deep Throttling Technology in Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Hydrogen Rocket Engines for NASA Exploration Missions |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20100032918.pdf |website=NASA Technical Reports Server}}</ref>
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