Editing Rapport (section)

=== Methods ===

==== Coordination ====
Coordination, also called "mirroring"<ref name="Psychological Inquiry"/> means getting into rhythm with another person, or resembling their verbal or nonverbal behaviors:
; Emotional mirroring : Empathizing with someone's emotional state by being on 'their side'. One listens for key words and problems so one can address and question them to better one's understanding of what the other person is saying and demonstrate empathy towards them.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mallette |first1=Claire |title=Arnold and Boggs's interpersonal relationships: professional communication skills for Canadian nurses |year=2022 |first2=Olive|last2= Yonge|editor-first1=Elizabeth|editor-last1=Arnold|editor-first2=Kathleen Underman|editor-last2=Boggs |isbn=978-0-323-76366-0 |location=Toronto, Ont. |oclc=1336862012}}</ref>
; Posture mirroring : Matching the tone of a person's body language not through direct imitation (as this can appear as mockery) but through mirroring the general message of their posture and energy.
; Tone and tempo mirroring : Matching the tone, tempo, inflection, and volume of another person's voice.

==== Mutual attentiveness ====
Another way to build rapport is for each partner to indicate their attentiveness to the other.<ref name="Psychological Inquiry"/> This attentiveness may take the form of nonverbal attentiveness, such as looking at the other person,<ref name="Intelligent Virtual Agents"/> nodding at appropriate moments, or physical proximity, as seen in work on teachers' "immediacy" behaviors in the classroom.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Attentiveness might also be demonstrated through reciprocation of nonverbal behaviors like smiling or nodding, in a similar way to the coordination technique,<ref name="Psychological Inquiry"/> or in the reciprocal sharing of personal details about the other person that signal one's knowledge and attentiveness to their needs.<ref name="Intelligent Virtual Agents"/>

==== Commonality ====
Commonality is the technique of deliberately finding something in common with a person in order to build a sense of camaraderie<ref>{{Cite web |title=Camaraderie |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/camaraderie |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref> and trust.
This is done through references to shared interests, dislikes, and experiences. By sharing personal details or self-disclosing personal preferences or information, interlocutors can build commonality, and thus increase rapport.<ref name="Intelligent Virtual Agents"/>

==== Face management ====
Another way to build rapport is through "positive face management",<ref name="Politeness Research">{{cite journal|last1=Spencer-Oatey|first1=Helen|title=(Im)Politeness, Face and Perceptions of Rapport: Unpackaging their Bases and Interrelationships|journal=Politeness Research|date=2005|volume=1|issue=1|pages=95–119|doi=10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.95|s2cid=144581286}}</ref> (or, more simply: positivity). According to some psychologists,<ref name="Politeness Research"/> we have a need to be seen in a positive light, known as our "face". By managing each other's "face", boosting it when necessary, or reducing negative impacts to it, we build rapport with others.<ref name="Politeness Research"/>