Editing Reading frame (section)

==Open reading frame==
{{main|Open reading frame}}
An [[open reading frame]] (ORF) is a reading frame that has the potential to be [[Transcription (genetics)|transcribed]] into RNA and [[Translation (biology)|translated]] into protein. It requires a continuous sequence of DNA which may include a [[start codon]], through a subsequent region which has a length that is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, to a [[stop codon]] in the same reading frame.<ref name="pierce2012b12">{{cite book | author = Benjamin C. Pierce |title = Genetics: a conceptual approach | publisher = [[W. H. Freeman]] | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781429232500 | ref = pierce2012}}</ref>

When a putative amino acid sequence resulting from the translation of an ORF remained unknown in mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes, the corresponding open reading frame was called an unidentified reading frame (URF). For example, the [[MT-ATP8]] gene was first described as URF A6L when the complete human [[mitochondrial genome]] was sequenced.<ref name="pmid7219534">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJ, Staden R, Young IG | title = Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome | journal = Nature | volume = 290 | issue = 5806 | pages = 457–65 |date=April 1981 | pmid = 7219534 | doi = 10.1038/290457a0| bibcode = 1981Natur.290..457A | s2cid = 4355527 }}</ref>