Editing Reforms of Russian orthography (section)

==18th-century changes==
[[File:Russian alphabet (marks by Peter I), page 5.gif|frame|[[Peter the Great|Peter I]] made the final choices of letter-forms by crossing out the undesirable ones in a set of charts]]
{{commons|Introduction of the civil Russian alphabet by Peter I}}
The printed [[Russian alphabet]] began to assume its modern shape when [[Peter the Great|Peter I]] introduced his "civil script" ({{lang|ru-petr1708|гражданский шрифт}}) type reform in 1708.<ref name="Yefimov" /> The reform was not specifically orthographic in nature. However, with the replacement of [[Yus|Ѧ]] with {{lang|ru-petr1708|[[Ya (Cyrillic)|Я]]}} and the effective elimination of several letters ([[Ѯ]], [[Ѱ]], [[Ѡ]]) and all diacritics and accents (with the exception of '''{{lang|ru-petr1708|й}}''') from secular usage and the use of [[Arabic numerals]] instead of [[Cyrillic numerals]]<ref name="Yefimov">{{citation |last=Yefimov |first=Vladimir |contribution=Civil Type and Kis Cyrillic |title=Language Culture Type: International Type Design in the Age of Unicode |editor-last=Berry |editor-first=John D. |publisher=Graphis Press |place=New York City |year=2002 |isbn=978-1932026016 |contribution-url=http://typejournal.ru/en/articles/Civil-Type |access-date=2 January 2017 |archive-date=8 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208094455/http://typejournal.ru/en/articles/Civil-Type |url-status=live }}</ref> there appeared for the first time a visual distinction between Russian and [[Church Slavonic language|Church Slavonic]] writing. With the strength of the historic tradition diminishing, Russian spelling in the 18th century became rather inconsistent, both in practice and in theory, as [[Mikhail Lomonosov]] advocated a [[morphophonemic orthography]] and [[Vasily Trediakovsky]] a phonemic one.