Editing Reining (section)

==Movements==

The reining pattern includes an average of eight to twelve movements which must be executed by the horse. Patterns require the following movements:

[[File:Aleksander Jarmula, reining, Roleski 4 Spins 2008 Show.jpg|thumb|Circles are performed at speed]]
*'''Circles''': the horse must perform large, fast [[circle]]s at a near-[[horse gait|gallop]] and smaller, slow circles at a [[canter|lope]]. They should be perfectly round, with the rider dictating the pace of the horse. There should be an easily seen change of speed as the rider transitions from the large, fast to the small, slow circles. Most circles incorporate changes of direction that require a [[flying change]] of lead.
*'''[[Flying lead change]]''': the horse changes its leading front and hind legs at the [[canter|lope]] mid-stride, during the suspension phase of the gait. The horse should not break gait nor change speed. It can be used for as turning and direction. While completing a change at speed can improve one's score, precision is the most important factor in judging: A horse taking more than one stride to complete the change, or a horse that changes early, late, or that changes only the front feet and not the hind feet will be penalized.
*'''Rundown''': the horse gallops or "runs" along the long side of the arena, at least {{convert|20|ft|m|0}} from the fence or rail. A rundown is a required movement prior to a sliding stop and a rollback to the designated direction (either towards the judge or towards the nearest wall depending on the pattern).
{{anchor|Sliding stop}}
*'''Sliding Stop''': the horse accelerates to a gallop and then suddenly comes to a complete halt, planting its hind feet in the footing and allowing its hind feet to slide several feet, while continuing to let its front feet "walk" forward. The back should be raised upward and hindquarters come well underneath. A particularly powerful stop may, depending on arena conditions, produce flying dirt and a cloud of dust. The movement should finish in a straight line, and the horse's position should not change. This movement is a crowd favorite, along with spins (see below).
*'''[[Reinback|Back or Backup]]''': the horse backs up quickly for at least {{convert|10|ft|m|0}}. The horse must back in a perfectly straight line, stop when asked and hesitate a moment before the next movement. It is judged on how quick, smooth and straight the line is.
*'''Rollback''': the horse immediately, without hesitation, performs a 180-degree turn after halting from a sliding stop, and immediately goes forward again into a [[canter|lope]]. The horse must turn on its hindquarters, bringing its [[horse anatomy|hocks]] well under, and the motion should be continuous with no hesitation.
[[Image:Reining spin.jpg|thumb|The spin is one of the most difficult and crowd-pleasing maneuvers]]
*'''Spins''' or '''Turnarounds''': beginning from a standstill, the horse spins 360 degrees or more (up to four and one-quarter full turns) in place around its stationary inside hind leg. The hind pivot foot remains in essentially the same location throughout the spin, though the horse will pick it up and put it down as it turns. Spins are judged on correctness, smoothness, and cadence. Speed adds to the difficulty and will improve the score of a correctly done spin. A pattern requires at least one set of spins in each direction. Horses must stop the spin in the designated place or be penalized for over or under spinning. The term '''Pivot''' is sometimes used to describe a turn on the hindquarters of up to 360 degrees where the horse has to keep a rear pivot foot stationary. In [[4-H]] competition, pivots of 90, 180, or 360 degrees are sometimes used in pattern classes to introduce youth riders to reining concepts.
*'''Pause''' or '''Hesitate''': the horse is asked to stand still for a few seconds to "settle" between certain movements in the reining pattern, particularly after spins. Pauses are not judged as a movement ''per se'', but a horse that is ill-mannered or behaves with impatience when asked to wait will be penalized.