Editing Remipedia (section)

== History of classification ==
The first species in this group to be described was ''[[Speleonectes lucayensis]]'', discovered by [[Jill Yager]] while [[cave diving]] in [[Lucayan Caverns]] on the [[Grand Bahama Island]] in 1979 and described in a paper in the ''[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]]'' in 1981. The novel nature of this species was recognized and the class Remipedia was erected in the same paper.<ref name="Yager">{{cite journal|author=Jill Yager|date=August 1981|title=Remipedia, a new class of Crustacea from a marine cave in the Bahamas|journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]]|volume=1|issue=3|pages=328–333|doi=10.2307/1547965|jstor=1547965|bibcode=1981JCBio...1..328Y }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2.odu.edu/vhosts/sci/biology/directory/Holsinger/jrh/SUBTERR.HTM |title=What are subterranean amphipods? |author=John R. Holsinger |work=Systematics of amphipod crustaceans in the families Crangonyctidae and Hadziidae |access-date=October 25, 2013 |publisher=[[Old Dominion University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194258/http://ww2.odu.edu/vhosts/sci/biology/directory/Holsinger/jrh/SUBTERR.HTM |archive-date=October 29, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://invertebrates.si.edu/Yager.html |title=Jill Yager, Research Associate |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |work=Invertebrate Zoology Staff |access-date=October 25, 2013}}</ref> The name "Remipedia" is from the [[Latin]] ''{{lang|la|remipedes}}'', meaning "oar-footed".<ref name="Yager"/>

Historical phylogeny based on morphology and physiology has placed Remipedia under [[Mandibulata]], in the subphylum [[Crustacean|Crustacea]], and distinct from [[Hexapoda]].

New research in [[Evolutionary developmental biology|evolution and development]] reveals similarities between larvae and postembryonic development of remipedes and [[Malacostraca]], singling Remipedia as a potential crustacean sister group of Hexapoda. Similarities in brain anatomy further support this affinity, and hexapod-type hemocyanins have been discovered in remipedes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Giribet|first1=Gonzalo|last2=Edgecombe|first2=Gregory D.|date=2012-01-07|title=Reevaluating the Arthropod Tree of Life|journal=Annual Review of Entomology|volume=57|issue=1|pages=167–186|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100659|pmid=21910637|s2cid=207597767|issn=0066-4170}}</ref>

Recent molecular studies have grouped Remipedia with [[Cephalocarida]], [[Branchiopoda]], and [[Hexapoda]] in a clade named [[Allotriocarida]].<ref name=Oakley /><ref name=Lozano-Fernandez /> Remipedia was found as the sister group to Hexapoda both in phylogenomic<ref name="Reumont">{{cite journal|author=Bjoern M. von Reumont|author2=Ronald A. Jenner|author3=Matthew A. Wills|author4=Emiliano Dell'Ampio|author5=Günther Pass|author6=Ingo Ebersberger|author7=Benjamin Meyer|author8=Stefan Koenemann|author9=Thomas M. Iliffe|author10=Alexandros Stamatakis|author11=Oliver Niehuis|author12=Karen Meusemann|author13=Bernhard Misof|name-list-style=amp|date=March 2012|title=Pancrustacean phylogeny in the light of new phylogenomic data: support for Remipedia as the possible sister group of Hexapoda|journal=[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]]|volume=29|issue=3|pages=1031–1045|doi=10.1093/molbev/msr270|pmid=22049065|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Lozano-Fernandez>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/gbe/evz097|title=Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling |year=2019 |last1=Lozano-Fernandez |first1=Jesus |last2=Giacomelli |first2=Mattia |last3=Fleming |first3=James F. |last4=Chen |first4=Albert |last5=Vinther |first5=Jakob |last6=Thomsen |first6=Philip Francis |last7=Glenner |first7=Henrik |last8=Palero |first8=Ferran |last9=Legg |first9=David A. |last10=Iliffe |first10=Thomas M. |last11=Pisani |first11=Davide |last12=Olesen |first12=Jørgen |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=2055–2070 |pmid=31270537 |pmc=6684935 }}</ref> and combined morphological and transcriptome studies.<ref name=Oakley>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/molbev/mss216|title=Phylotranscriptomics to Bring the Understudied into the Fold: Monophyletic Ostracoda, Fossil Placement, and Pancrustacean Phylogeny |year=2013 |last1=Oakley |first1=Todd H. |last2=Wolfe |first2=Joanna M. |last3=Lindgren |first3=Annie R. |last4=Zaharoff |first4=Alexander K. |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=30 |pages=215–233 |pmid=22977117 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In other studies Remipedia and [[Cephalocarida]] are grouped together form the clade [[Xenocarida]], which in turn was sister to Hexapoda in a clade named Anartiopoda<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Engel|first=Michael|date=2015|title=Insect evolution|journal=Current Biology|volume=25|issue=19|pages=R868–R872|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.059|pmid=26439349|s2cid=14406214|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015CBio...25.R868E }}</ref> or Miracrustacea ('surprising crustaceans').<ref name=":0"/> 

The relationship of Remipedia and other crustacean classes and insects is shown in the following phylogenetic tree, which shows Allotriocarida, along with [[Oligostraca]] and [[Multicrustacea]], as the three main divisions of subphylum [[Pancrustacea]], embracing the traditional crustaceans and the hexapods (including insects).<ref name=Lozano-Fernandez />

{{clade
|label1=[[Pancrustacea]]
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Oligostraca]]
   |2={{clade
      |label1=[[Multicrustacea]]
      |1={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |1=[[Thecostraca]]
            |2=[[Copepoda]]
            }}
         |2=[[Malacostraca]]
         }}
      |label2=[[Allotriocarida]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Cephalocarida]]
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Branchiopoda]]
            |2={{clade
               |1='''Remipedia'''
               |label2=[[Hexapoda]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Protura]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Diplura]]
                        |2=[[Collembola]]
                        }}
                     |2=[[Insecta]]
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}