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Repenomamus
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==Description== [[File:Repenomamus robustus skeletal drawing.png|left|thumb|''R. robustus'' skeletal diagram.]] [[File:Repenomamus giganticus skull.JPG|left|thumb|Fossil skull of ''R. giganticus'']] Individuals of the known species in ''Repenomamus'' are some of [[largest prehistoric animals|the largest]] known [[Mesozoic]] mammals<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DUli1Mb8j7QC | title = Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems. Second edition | publisher = Academic Press | date = Sep 19, 2012 | access-date = 2022-08-25 | page = 178 | author = Paul Selden, John Nudds | isbn = 978-0-12-404629-0 }}</ref><ref name=Ch12Metatherians/><ref name="Prothero">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tWiYDwAAQBAJ&dq=repenomamus+largest&pg=PA33 | title = The Princeton Field Guide to Prehistoric Mammals | publisher = Princeton University Press | date = November 15, 2016 | access-date = 2022-08-25 | page = 33 | author = Donald R. Prothero | isbn = 978-0-691-15682-8 }}</ref><ref name="Zachos">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dQd2DwAAQBAJ&dq=repenomamus+largest&pg=PA224 | title = Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics | publisher = De Gruyter | date = October 22, 2018 | access-date = 2022-08-25 | page = 224 | author = Frank Zachos, Robert Asher | isbn = 978-3-11-034155-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3bs0D5ix4VAC&dq=repenomamus+largest&pg=PA62 | title = The Beginning of the Age of Mammals | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | date = 2006 | access-date = 2022-08-25 | page = 62 | author = Kenneth D. Rose | isbn = 978-0-8018-8472-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wuwtxuJoX6IC&dq=repenomamus+largest&pg=PA715 | title = In Pursuit of Early Mammals | publisher = Indiana University Press | date = 2013 | access-date = 2022-08-25 | page = 115 | author = Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska | isbn = 978-0-253-00824-4 }}</ref> represented by reasonably complete fossils<ref name="Prothero"/><ref name="Zachos"/> (though ''[[Kollikodon]]'' and ''[[Patagomaia]]'' may be larger,<ref>Clemens et al., 2003</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chimento |first1=N. R. |last2=Agnolín |first2=F. L. |last3=García-Marsà |first3=J. |last4=Manabe |first4=M. |last5=Tsuihiji |first5=T. |last6=Novas |first6=F. E. |year=2024 |title=A large therian mammal from the Late Cretaceous of South America |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=14 |at=2854 |doi=10.1038/s41598-024-53156-3 |doi-access=free |pmc=10838296 }}</ref> and ''[[Schowalteria]]'', ''[[Oxlestes]]'', ''[[Khuduklestes]]'' and ''[[Bubodens]]'' reached similar if not larger sizes<ref>{{cite journal | author = Fox R. C., Naylor B. G. | year = 2003 | title = A Late Cretaceous taeniodont (Eutheria, Mammalia) from Alberta, Canada | journal = Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie | volume = 229 | issue = 3| pages = 393–420 | doi = 10.1127/njgpa/229/2003/393 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Wilson R. W. | year = 1987 | title = Late Cretaceous (Fox Hills) multituberculates from the Red Owl local fauna of western South Dakota | journal = Dakoterra | volume = 3 | pages = 118–122 }}</ref>). Adults of ''R. robustus'' were the size of a [[Virginia opossum]]. It had body length without tail of {{convert|41.2|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} for complete specimen with estimated skull length of {{convert|10.6|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}, although there is more partial specimen that had {{convert|11.2|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} skull. Estimated mass of ''R. robustus'' is {{convert|4|-|6|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. The known adult of ''R. giganticus'' was about 50% larger than ''R. robustus'', with a body length of {{convert|68.2|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} and total length over {{convert|1|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} (skull reaching {{convert|16|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}, trunk of {{convert|52.2|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} and preserved tail {{convert|36.4|cm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} in length) and an estimated mass of {{convert|12|-|14|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}.<ref name="Hu et al 2005" /> These finds extend considerably the known body size range of Mesozoic mammals. In fact, ''Repenomamus'' was larger than several small sympatric dromaeosaurid dinosaurs like ''[[Graciliraptor]]''.<ref name="Hu et al 2005">{{cite journal|title=Large Mesozoic mammals fed on young dinosaurs|journal=Nature|date=2005|volume=433|pages=149–152|author=Hu|doi=10.1038/nature03102|pmid=15650737|issue=7022|bibcode=2005Natur.433..149H|s2cid=2306428|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15291/files/PAL_E2590.pdf |display-authors=etal}}[ Supplementary Information]</ref><ref name="Prothero" /> Features of its shoulder and legs bones indicate a sprawling posture as in most of small to medium sized living [[theria]]n mammals, with [[plantigrade]] feet. Unlike therian mammals, ''Repenomamus'' had a proportionally longer body with shorter limbs. The [[Dentition|dental formula]] was originally interpreted as {{DentalFormula|upper=3.1.2.4|lower=2.1.2.5}}, though a more recent study indicates instead that it was {{DentalFormula|upper=3.1.1.5|lower=2.1.2.5}}.<ref>Alexey Lopatin, Alexander Averianov, Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia and Revision of Gobiconodontidae, First online: 12 July 2014</ref>
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