Editing Revenant (section)

==Comparison to other undead==
The term "revenant" has been used interchangeably with "ghost" by folklorists.<ref name="Crawford2016">{{cite book|author=Heide Crawford|title=The Origins of the Literary Vampire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt7dDAAAQBAJ&pg=PR14|date=30 August 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-6675-9|pages=14–}}</ref> While some maintain that vampires derive from Eastern European folklore and revenants derive from Western European folklore, many assert that revenant is a generic term for the undead.<ref name="BryantPeck2009">{{cite book|author1=Clifton D. Bryant|author2=Dennis L. Peck|title=Encyclopedia of Death & Human Experience: 1-|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFOn7rpkVdQC&pg=PA1002|date=15 July 2009|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-1-4129-5178-4|pages=1002–}}</ref>

[[Augustin Calmet]] conducted extensive research on the topic in his work titled ''[[Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c.]]'' (1751) in which he relates the rumors of men at the time:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Calmet|first1=Augustin|title=Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. Translated by Rev Henry Christmas & Brett Warren. 2015|date=1751|isbn=1-5331-4568-7|pages=303–304|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform }}</ref> Calmet compares the ideas of the Greek and Egyptian ancients and notes an old belief that magic could not only cause death but also evoke the souls of the deceased. Calmet ascribed revenants to sorcerers who sucked the blood of victims and compares instances of revenants mentioned in the twelfth century in England and Denmark as similar to those of Hungary, but "in no history do we read anything so usual or so pronounced, as what is related to us of the vampires of Poland, Hungary, and Moravia."<ref name="Crawford2016" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Calmet|first1=Augustin|title=Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants: of Hungary, Moravia, et al. The Complete Volumes I & II. Translated by Rev Henry Christmas & Brett Warren. 2015|date=1751|isbn=1-5331-4568-7|page=305|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform }}</ref>

Revenants appear in Nordic [[Old Norse literature|literature]], [[Norse mythology|mythology]], and [[Nordic folklore|folklore]], variously called ''aptrgangr'' (pl. ''aptrgǫngur'', "again-walker(s)"), ''haugbui'' (pl. ''haugbúar'', "howe-dweller(s)", i.e. [[barrow-wight]](s)), or ''[[draugr]]'' (pl. ''draugar'', "phantom(s)" or "ghost(s)", though usually conceived as having a corporeal body). Modern scholarship and readily accessible references on the web tend to use the terms interchangeably, with a seeming preference for ''draugr''  (see [[Draugr#Terminology]]). Stories involving these creatures often involve direct confrontations, including slayings as part of a hero's land-cleansing. Those in burial mounds resist intruders and are sometimes immune to conventional weapons, which renders their destruction a dangerous affair only to be undertaken by heroes.<ref name="PulliamFonseca2016" />  To ensure thorough destruction the creature's head is often removed, sometimes placed by the corpse's buttocks, or sometimes the corpse is burned instead (see [[Vampire#Methods_of_destruction]]).  

In the folklore and ghost stories of Eastern Scandinavia, Finnish "dead-child beings" are described as revenants animated by restless spirits that could be laid to rest by performing baptism or other religious rites.<ref name="O'Connor2005">{{cite book|author=Anne O'Connor|title=The Blessed and the Damned: Sinful Women and Unbaptised Children in Irish Folklore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ap4jTVHtcT0C&pg=PA99|year=2005|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-03910-541-0|pages=99–}}</ref>

Revenant-like beings in Caribbean lore are often referred to as "the soucouyant" or "soucriant" in Dominica, Trinidadian and Guadeloupean folklore, also known as Ole-Higue or Loup-garou elsewhere in the Caribbean.<ref name="PulliamFonseca2016" />