Editing Richard Neustadt (section)

==Political career==
[[File:Photograph of Charles Murphy, Special Counsel to the President, shaking hands with White House aide Richard Neustadt... - NARA - 200544.jpg|thumb|Richard Neustadt (right) on March 10, 1951]]
Neustadt was the special assistant of the [[White House]] Office from 1950 to 1953 under President [[Harry S. Truman]]. During the following year, he was a [[professor]] of [[public administration]] at [[Cornell University|Cornell]] and, from 1954 to 1964, taught government at [[Columbia University]], where he received a Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award in 1961.<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Charles O. |title=Richard E. Neustadt : Public Servant as Scholar |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |date=June 2003 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085848 |language=en |issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free }}</ref>

It was at Columbia that Neustadt wrote the book ''[[Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership]]''<ref>{{cite news|title=Richard Neustadt, adviser to presidents, died on October 31st, aged 84|url=https://www.economist.com/node/2208298|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=May 6, 2012|agency=Associated Press|date=November 13, 2003}}</ref> (1960) in which he examined the decision-making process at the highest levels of government. He argued that the President is actually rather weak in the US government; is unable to effect significant change without the approval of the Congress; and in practice must rely on a combination of personal persuasion, professional reputation "[[inside the Beltway (terminology)|inside the Beltway]]," and public prestige to get things done.<ref name="Bailey">{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=Harry A. |title=Neustadt's Thesis Revisited: Toward the Two Faces of Presidential Power |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=1981 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=351–357 |jstor=27547714 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27547714 |access-date=23 March 2023 |issn=0360-4918}}</ref><ref name="Hargrove">{{cite journal |last1=Hargrove |first1=Erwin C. |title=Presidential Power and Political Science |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=2001 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=245–261 |doi=10.1111/j.0360-4918.2001.00169.x |jstor=27552187 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27552187 |issn=0360-4918|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A revised edition titled ''Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan'' appeared in 1990.<ref name="Godfrey Hodgson">{{cite web|title=Richard Neustadt US political scientist and expert on the power of the presidency|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/nov/03/guardianobituaries.obituaries|work=The Guardian|access-date=May 6, 2012|author-first=Godfrey |author-last=Hodgson|date=November 3, 2003}}</ref>

With his book appearing just before the election of [[John F. Kennedy]], Neustadt soon found himself in demand by the president-elect, and began his advisory role with a 20-page memo suggesting things the President should and should not try to do at the beginning of his term. Neustadt was an official advisor to Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], and an unofficial advisor to [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="Godfrey Hodgson"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard E. Neustadt, Historian, Dies at 84; Studied Power and Advised Three Presidents|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/03/us/richard-e-neustadt-historian-dies-84-studied-power-advised-three-presidents.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 6, 2012|author-first=Thomas J. |author-last=Lueck |date=November 3, 2003}}</ref>
A class that Neustadt taught on the presidency influenced [[Al Gore]] to change his major from English to politics and study with Neustadt.<ref name="Sullivan">{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Patricia |title=Presidential Scholar, White House Adviser Richard Neustadt Dies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2003/11/03/presidential-scholar-white-house-adviser-richard-neustadt-dies/7f1502bd-7052-4fa7-8bb3-b9068c796b4e/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=3 November 2003}}</ref>

Neustadt was a professor at [[Harvard Kennedy School]] at Harvard, where he taught as a popular professor for more than two decades and officially retired in 1989 but continued to teach there for years thereafter. Neustadt also served as the first director of the [[Harvard Institute of Politics]] (IOP),<ref>{{cite news |title=Richard Neustadt remembered as guiding force at KSG |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2003/11/richard-neustadt-remembered-as-guiding-force-at-ksg/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=Harvard Gazette |date=November 6, 2003}}</ref> which was founded as "a living memorial to President John F. Kennedy that engages young people in politics and public service".<ref>{{cite book |title=Guardian of the presidency : the legacy of Richard E. Neustadt |date=2007 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0815718420 |first=Ernest R. |last=May |chapter=Placing Richard E. Neustadt |editor-first1= Matthew J. |editor-last1= Dickinson |editor-first2= Elizabeth A. |editor-last2= Neustadt |pages = 1–13}}</ref> After his retirement, he served as chairman of the [[Presidential Debates Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CPD: Overview |url=https://www.debates.org/about-cpd/overview/ |website=www.debates.org |access-date=23 March 2023}}</ref>

Neustadt was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1964 and the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1967.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Richard Elliott Neustadt |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/richard-elliott-neustadt |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Richard+Neustadt&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

Neustadt was a recipient of the 1988 [[University of Louisville]] [[Grawemeyer Award]] for ''Thinking In Time : The Uses Of History For Decision Makers'' and its ideas for improving world order, co-authored with [[Ernest R. May]].<ref name="Grawemeyer">{{cite news |title=2 Harvard Professors Get World Order Prize |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/29/us/2-harvard-professors-get-world-order-prize.html |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=29 June 1988}}</ref>

Neustadt was hired by the then-secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [[Joseph A. Califano Jr.]] to write a book analyzing the decision making that led to the swine flu vaccine debacle in the mid-1970s. Neustadt's co-author, his graduate assistant [[Harvey V. Fineberg]], said later that the book was written as a private document for Califano, who later insisted on publishing it as ''The Swine Flu Affair: Decision-Making on a Slippery Disease''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Neustadt |first1=Richard E. |last2=Fineberg |first2=Harvey V. |title=The Swine Flu Affair: Decision-Making on a Slippery Disease |date=1978 |publisher=National Academies Press |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219606/ |pmid=25032342 }}</ref> The book placed blame for the swine flu vaccine decision on the CDC Director [[David Sencer]], though Sencer's recommendations were appropriate, given the information available at the time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Michael |title=The Premonition: A Pandemic Story |date=2021 |publisher=W.W. Norton |isbn=978-0-393-88155-4 }}{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref>