Editing Roentgen equivalent man (section)

== Health effects ==
Ionizing radiation has deterministic and stochastic effects on human health. The deterministic effects that can lead to [[acute radiation syndrome]] only occur in the case of high doses (>&nbsp;~10&nbsp;rad or >&nbsp;0.1&nbsp;Gy) and high dose rates (>&nbsp;~10&nbsp;rad/h or >&nbsp;0.1&nbsp;Gy/h). A model of deterministic risk would require different weighting factors (not yet established) than are used in the calculation of equivalent and effective dose. To avoid confusion, deterministic effects are normally compared to absorbed dose in units of rad, not rem.<ref>{{Cite web |title=§ 20.1004 Units of radiation dose. |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part020/part020-1004.html |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=NRC Web |language=en-US}}</ref>

Stochastic effects are those that occur randomly, such as [[radiation-induced cancer]]. The consensus of the nuclear industry, nuclear regulators, and governments, is that the incidence of cancers caused by ionizing radiation can be modeled as increasing linearly with effective dose at a rate of 0.055% per rem (5.5%/Sv).<ref name="ICRP103">{{Cite book|title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection|journal=Annals of the ICRP|year=2007|volume=37|series=ICRP publication 103|issue=2–4|url=http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%20103|access-date=17 May 2012|isbn=978-0-7020-3048-2|last1=Icrp}}</ref> Individual studies, alternate models, and earlier versions of the industry consensus have produced other risk estimates scattered around this consensus model. There is general agreement that the risk is much higher for infants and fetuses than adults, higher for the middle-aged than for seniors, and higher for women than for men, though there is no quantitative consensus about this.<ref name="peck">{{cite web |last1=Peck |first1=Donald J.|title=How to Understand and Communicate Radiation Risk |url=https://www.imagewisely.org/Imaging-Modalities/Computed-Tomography/How-to-Understand-and-Communicate-Radiation-Risk|publisher=Image Wisely |access-date=18 May 2012 |author2=Samei, Ehsan}}</ref><ref name="UNSCEAR">{{cite book|author=United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation|title=Effects of ionizing radiation : UNSCEAR 2006 report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes|year=2008|publisher=United Nations|location=New York|isbn=978-92-1-142263-4|url=http://www.unscear.org/unscear/en/publications.html|access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> There is much less data, and much more controversy, regarding the possibility of [[cardiac]] and [[teratogenic]] effects, and the modelling of [[Effective dose (radiation)|internal dose]].<ref name="ECRR2010">{{cite book|last=European Committee on Radiation Risk|title=2010 recommendations of the ECRR : the health effects of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation|year=2010|publisher=Green Audit|location=Aberystwyth|isbn=978-1-897761-16-8|url=http://www.euradcom.org/2011/ecrr2010.pdf|edition=Regulators'|editor=Busby, Chris|access-date=18 May 2012|display-editors=etal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721220541/http://www.euradcom.org/2011/ecrr2010.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2012}}</ref>

The ICRP recommends limiting artificial irradiation of the public to an average of 100 mrem (1 mSv) of effective dose per year, not including medical and occupational exposures.<ref name=ICRP103 /> For comparison, radiation levels inside the [[United States Capitol]] are 85 mrem/yr (0.85 mSv/yr), close to the regulatory limit, because of the uranium content of the granite structure.<ref name="FUSRAP" >{{cite web|last=Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program|title=Radiation in the Environment|url=http://www.fusrapmaywood.com/projmain.html|publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers|access-date=10 September 2017}}</ref> The [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission|NRC]] sets the [[Total effective dose equivalent|annual total effective dose]] of full body radiation, or total body radiation (TBR), allowed for radiation workers 5,000 mrem (5 rem).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information for Radiation Workers |url=https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/health-effects/info.html |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=NRC Web |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Total Body Irradiation » Radiation Oncology » College of Medicine » University of Florida |url=https://radonc.med.ufl.edu/patient-care/information-for-patients/cancer-treatment-results/total-body-irradiation/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |language=en}}</ref>