Editing Roll-on/roll-off (section)

=== Car carriers ===
{{Redirect|Car carrier||Auto carrier (disambiguation){{!}}Auto carrier}}
The first cargo ships specially fitted for the transport of large quantities of cars came into service in the early 1960s. These ships still had their own loading gear and so-called hanging decks inside. They were, for example, chartered by the German [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen AG]] to transport vehicles to the U.S. and Canada. During the 1970s, the market for exporting and importing cars increased dramatically and correspondingly also did the number and type of ROROs .

In 1970 Japan's [[K Line]] built the ''Toyota Maru No. 10'', Japan's first pure car carrier, and in 1973 built the ''European Highway'', the largest pure car carrier (PCC) at that time, which carried 4,200 automobiles. Today's pure car carriers and their close cousins, the pure car/truck carrier (PCTC), are distinctive ships with a box-like superstructure running the entire length and breadth of the hull, fully enclosing the cargo. They typically have a stern ramp and a side ramp for dual loading of thousands of vehicles (such as cars, trucks, heavy machineries, tracked units, [[Mafi roll trailer]]s, and loose statics), and extensive automatic fire control systems.

The PCTC has liftable decks to increase vertical clearance, as well as heavier decks for "high-and-heavy" cargo. A 6,500-unit car ship, with 12 decks, can have three decks which can take cargo up to {{convert|150|ST|t LT|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} <!-- Which ton? --> with liftable panels to increase clearance from {{convert|1.7|to|6.7|m|abbr=on}} on some decks. Lifting decks to accommodate higher cargo reduces the total capacity.

These vessels can achieve a cruising speed of {{convert|16|kn|mph km/h}} at eco-speed, while at full speed can achieve more than {{convert|19|kn|mph km/h}}.

{{As of|2024|August|7}}, the largest LCTC was the ''[[Höegh Aurora]]'', the inaugural vessel of a planned class of twelve, each with a capacity of 9,100 CEU.<ref>{{cite web |title=World's Largest Car Carrier Höegh Aurora Delivered |url=https://www.marinelink.com/news/worlds-largest-car-carrier-hegh-aurora-515747 |website=MarineLink |access-date=29 August 2024 |language=en |date=7 August 2024}}</ref> Meanwhile, the [[Marine Design & Research Institute of China]] (MARIC) is developing a new vessel class with a capacity of 12,800 CEU. The design has received Approval in Principle (AiP) from [[Lloyd's Register]], which was granted in June 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=World's largest car carrier receives LR Approval in Principle |url=https://www.lr.org/en/knowledge/press-room/press-listing/press-release/worlds-largest-car-carrier-receives-lr-approval-in-principle2/ |website=Lloyd's Register |access-date=29 August 2024 |language=en |date=2024-06-07}}</ref>

The car carrier ''[[Auriga Leader]]'', belonging to [[Nippon Yusen]] Kaisha, built in 2008 with a capacity of 6,200 cars, is the world's first partially solar powered ship.<ref name="pressrelease">{{cite web |url=http://www.nyk.com/english/release/31/NE_090105.html | title=Using Solar Power for Ship Propulsion The World First Solar-Powered Ship Sails |publisher=NYK Line |work=NYK-Nippon Oil Joint Project | access-date=30 May 2013 |date=5 January 2009}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Roll-On Roll-Off (RO-RO) ship, starboard ramp.jpg|A pure car carrier ship's starboard side showing side [[Link span|ramp]]
File:MV Tønsberg R01.jpg|{{MV|Tønsberg||6}}, a large car/truck carrier
File:Cross Sound Ferry MV "John H" interior.jpg|Vehicle bay of the ''John H'', of [[Cross Sound Ferry]]
J32 394 Split, MFS Petar Hektorović.jpg|The front of the [[MT Petar Hektorović|MT ''Petar Hektorović'']] opens up, allowing cars to enter the vehicle bay.
</gallery>