Editing Rolling paper (section)

==Composition==
Cigarette paper is made from thin and lightweight "rag fibers" (nonwood plant fibers) such as [[flax]], [[hemp]], [[sisal]], [[rice straw]], and [[esparto]]. The paper is available in rolls and rectangular sheets of varying sizes, and has a narrow strip of glue along one long edge. It may be transparent, colored and flavored. It has a high filler content and a [[grammage|basis weight]] of 10-28&nbsp;g/m<sup>2</sup>. To control the smoking properties, this paper has a porosity that is suited to the type of tobacco and contains additives that regulate burning.<ref>{{citation |author1=Rudolf Patt |author2=Othar Kordsachia |author3=Richard Süttinger |author4=Yoshito Ohtani |author5=Jochen F. Hoesch |author6=Peter Ehrler |author7=Rudolf Eichinger |author8=Herbert Holik |author9=Udo Hamm |author10=Michael E. Rohmann |author11=Peter Mummenhoff |author12=Erich Petermann |author13=Richard F. Miller |author14=Dieter Frank |author15=Renke Wilken |author16=Heinrich L. Baumgarten |author17=Gert-Heinz Rentrop |contribution=Paper and Pulp |title=[[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]] |edition=7th |publisher=Wiley |year=2007 |pages=1–157 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a18_545 |isbn=978-3-527-30673-2 }}</ref> One critical paper characteristic is permeability; its primary physical influence is smoke dilution. Among the fillers used are [[calcium carbonate]] to influence the permeability and color, [[magnesium carbonate]] to improve ash color, or [[titanium oxide]] if a particularly white ash is required.<ref>{{citation |author=T. C. Tso |contribution=Tobacco |title=[[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]] |edition=7th |publisher=Wiley |year=2007 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a27_123|isbn=978-3-527-30385-4 }}</ref> [[Sodium potassium tartrate]] ([[Seignette's salt]]), [[Sodium citrate|sodium]] and [[potassium citrate]] are used as a combustion regulator in cigarette paper, increased levels result in faster burning papers.<ref>{{citation |author=Jean-Maurice Kassaian |contribution=Tartaric Acid |title=[[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]] |edition=7th |publisher=Wiley |year=2007 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a26_163|isbn=978-3-527-30385-4 }}</ref> [[Poly(vinyl alcohol)]] in aqueous solution is used for cigarette adhesives.<ref>{{citation |author=Manfred L. Hallensleben |contribution=Polyvinyl Compounds, Others |title=[[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]] |edition=7th |publisher=Wiley |year=2007 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a21_743|isbn=978-3-527-30385-4 }}</ref>

A study of commercially available rolling papers found that concentrations of several elements, particularly [[copper]], [[chromium]], and [[vanadium]] in some products, may present a hazard to frequent users.<ref name= Wright >{{cite journal |title=Elemental Composition of Commercially Available Cannabis Rolling Papers |journal=ACS Omega |date=2024 |doi=10.1021/acsomega.3c09580 |last1=Wright |first1=Derek |last2=Jarvie |first2=Michelle M. |last3=Southwell |first3=Benjamin |last4=Kincaid |first4=Carmen |last5=Westrick |first5=Judy |last6=Perera |first6=S. Sameera |last7=Edwards |first7=David |last8=Cody |first8=Robert B. |volume=9 |issue=17 |pages=19020–19030 |pmid=38708199 |pmc=11064008 }}</ref>  Of particular concern is the concentration of copper from pigments used in the papers might result in exposures as high as 4.5–11 times the maximum exposure limits.<ref name= Wright/>

Permeability is defined as the measure of the volume of air that flows through a specified area of cigarette paper in a given unit of time. It is measured in CORESTA units. US commercial filter cigarette brands have paper permeability between 14 and 51 CORESTA units. Increased cigarette paper permeability results in increased smoke dilution with air.<ref name="podraza">{{citation |author=Ken Podraza |title=Basic Principles of Cigarette Design and Function |publisher=Philip Morris USA |url=http://www.lsro.org/presentation_files/air/m_011029/podraza_102901.pdf}}</ref>

[[Fire safe cigarettes|Fire-resistant cigarettes]], which reduce the risk of fire from unattended cigarettes, are made with special paper that includes a plastic compound, [[ethylene vinyl acetate]]. If a cigarette made with this type of paper is left unattended, the plastic in the paper will help the cigarette self-extinguish.

Other specialty papers for tobacco products are:
* Imitation cork paper is a brownish yellow colored paper used for the production of cigarette tips. It has an imitation cork imprint and joins the filter to the tobacco stick.
* Filter encasing paper is used for the production of acetate or cellulose filters. The tip paper may be covered with [[polyvinyl alcohol]].<ref>{{citation|author=F. L. Marten|contribution=Vinyl Alcohol Polymers|title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology|edition=5th|publisher=Wiley|year=2002|page=26|doi=10.1002/0471238961.2209142513011820.a01.pub2|isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 }}</ref>
* Cigar or cigarillo casing paper holds the chopped tobacco together and serves as the inner casing.