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Rosh Chodesh
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==Declaring the month== {{See also|Hebrew calendar}} Judaism uses a [[lunisolar calendar]], so Rosh Chodesh is celebrated in connection with the date of the [[new moon]]. Originally, the date of Rosh Chodesh was confirmed on the testimony of witnesses observing the new moon, a procedure known as ''kiddush hachodesh'' (sanctification of the month).<ref>[[Mishnah]] ''[[Rosh Hashanah (tractate)|Rosh Hashanah]]'' 1</ref> After the [[Sanhedrin]] declared Rosh Chodesh for either a full (30-day) or defective (29-day) month, news of it would then be communicated throughout [[Israel]] and the diaspora. This system was dependent on the functioning of the Sanhedrin to declare the month, and to communicate this month to far-flung Jewish communities. In the 4th century CE, this became impossible and instead a fixed calendar of 29- and 30-day months (see [[Hebrew calendar]] for details) was instituted by [[Hillel II]].<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/rosh-chodesh Rosh Chodesh]</ref> At the end of a 29-day month, Rosh Chodesh is celebrated for one day, on the first day of the new month. At the end of a 30-day month, Rosh Chodesh is celebrated for two days - the 30th day of the previous month, and the first day of the new month.<ref name=ouk>[https://oukosher.org/halacha-yomis/in-the-jewish-calendar-months-are-either-29-or-30-days-in-length-why-is-it-that-for-a-29-day-month-known-as-a-choser-we-observe-only-one-day-rosh-chodesh-while-for-a-30-day-month-which-is-refer/ In the Jewish calendar, months are either 29 or 30 days in length. Why is it that for a 29 day month (known as a choser), we observe only one day Rosh Chodesh, while for a 30 day month (which is referred to as a moleh) we observe 2 days Rosh Chodesh?]</ref>
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