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Rosyth
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==Dockyard and Military== Rosyth is best known for its large Naval [[Dockyard]], formerly the [[Rosyth dockyard|Royal Naval Dockyard Rosyth]]. The town was planned as a [[Garden city movement|garden city]] with accommodation for the construction workers and dockyard workers. Today, the dockyard is almost {{convert|2.2|km2|sqmi}} in size, a large proportion of which was [[Reclaimed land|reclaimed]] during construction. [[File:HMS Queen Elizabeth in Rosyth Dockyard MOD 45158230.jpg|left|thumb|381x381px|Picture of Rosyth Dockyard - HMS Queen Elizabeth]] Rosyth, [[Inverkeithing]] and nearby [[Charlestown, Fife|Charlestown]] were major centres of [[shipbreaking]] activity, notably the salvage of much of the German fleet scuttled at [[Gutter Sound]], [[Scapa Flow]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Buxton |first=Ian L. |title=Metal Industries: shipbreaking at Rosyth and Charlestown |year=1992 |publisher=World Ship Society |page=104 |oclc=28508051}} Ships scrapped there include the Mauretania and much of the German Fleet at Scapa Flow. Ships listed with owners and dates sold.</ref> the [[Cunard Line]]'s [[RMS Mauretania (1906)|RMS Mauretania]], and the [[White Star Line]]'s [[RMS Olympic]]. The associated military naval base closed in 1994, and no [[Royal Navy]] ships are ''permanently'' based at Rosyth, though some ships now return for docking and refit activities, including {{sclass|Sandown|minehunter}}s and [[Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier]]s. Rosyth's dockyards became the first in the [[Royal Navy]] to be [[privatise]]d when [[Babcock International]] acquired the site in 1987. The privatisation followed almost eighty years of contribution to the [[Defense (military)|defence]] of the [[United Kingdom]] which spanned two [[World Wars]] and the [[Cold War]] with the [[Soviet Union]], during which Rosyth became a key [[nuclear submarine]] maintenance establishment. When the final submarine refit finished in 2003, a project to undertake early [[nuclear decommissioning]] of the submarine refit and allied facilities β Project RD83 β began pre-planning. The project was funded by [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]], in accordance with the contractual agreement in place following the sale of the dockyard, but management and sub-contracting was the responsibility of the dockyard owner, [[Babcock Engineering Services]]. The main decommissioning sub-contractor was [[Edmund Nuttall Limited]]. Work began in 2006 and was finished in 2010. The project completed ahead of programme and under-budget, which is unusual in nuclear decommissioning activities. Notably some nuclear liabilities do remain at Rosyth Dockyard. The dockyard was the site for final assembly of the two {{sclass|Queen Elizabeth|aircraft carrier}}s for the Royal Navy's future carrier project. [[File:Rosyth Castle, Fife.jpg|thumb|Rosyth Castle]] === Military installations === A number of [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] establishments and military bases are located both in and around the Naval dockyard at Rosyth. In November 2016 the UK Government announced that [[MoD Caledonia]] would close in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |date=2016-11-07 |title=BBC News β Eight military bases in Scotland to close |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-37876561 |access-date=2016-11-07 |publisher=BBC.co.uk}}</ref> On 1 April 2023 it was renamed HMS Caledonia and its future is assured.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rosyth site secure after transfer back to Royal Navy |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2023/march/31/230331-caledonia |website=Royal Navy |access-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> There are Sea, Army and Air [[Cadets (youth program)|Cadets]] located in Rosyth. The Sea and Air cadets are located in the Naval Dockyard inside [[HMS Caledonia (base)|HMS Caledonia]], whereas the Army cadets is located next to Park Road Primary School on Middlebank Street. ===International Links=== {{main|Rosyth - Zeebrugge ferry service}} Starting in 2002, an overnight [[ferry]] service linked Rosyth with [[Zeebrugge]] in [[Belgium]]. This service was discontinued by [[Superfast Ferries]] in September 2008, but recommenced in May 2009 under new operator [[Norfolkline]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7789696.stm | work=BBC News | title=Zeebrugge ferry to restart in May | date=2008-12-18 | access-date=2010-05-22}}</ref> They ran three sailings a week in each direction. Norfolkline was taken over by [[DFDS Seaways]], who subsequently reduced the service to freight-only, three sailings a week in each direction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freight.dfdsseaways.com/dfds_ferries/north_sea_ferries/rosyth_zeebrugge_ferries/ |title=Rosyth β Zeebrugge | Routes & Schedules β DFDS |publisher=Freight.dfdsseaways.com |access-date=2016-02-27}}</ref> The service was terminated in 2018 following a fire aboard one of the ships.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/business/rosyth-to-zeebrugge-ferry-service-axed-1-4729040|title = Rosyth to Zeebrugge ferry service axed| date=23 April 2018 }}</ref> In June 2022, it was reported that talks were underway to restore the ferry route, with [[DFDS Seaways|DFDS]] operating a freight service from early 2023, with passenger service expected by summer 2023, however as of 2024 this is yet to start.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Ferry between Scotland and continental Europe set to resume in 2023 |url=https://news.stv.tv/east-central/sole-ferry-link-between-scotland-and-continental-europe-set-to-resume-in-2023 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=STV News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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