Editing Ruby slippers (section)

===''The Wizard of Oz'' (1939)===
In the MGM film, an adolescent farm girl named [[Dorothy Gale]] (played by [[Judy Garland]]), her dog [[Toto (Oz)|Toto]], and their [[Kansas]] farmhouse are swept into the air by a [[tornado]] and transported to the [[Land of Oz]]. The house falls on and kills the [[Wicked Witch of the East]], freeing the [[Munchkin]]s from her tyranny. [[Glinda the Good Witch|Glinda, the Good Witch of the North]] arrives via a magic bubble and shows Dorothy the dead woman's feet sticking out from under the house with the ruby slippers on them. When the [[Wicked Witch of the West]] comes to claim her dead sister's shoes, Glinda magically transfers them to Dorothy's feet. Glinda tells Dorothy never to take them off, as the slippers must be very powerful, or the Wicked Witch would not want them so badly. Throughout the rest of the film, the Wicked Witch schemes to obtain the shoes. She tries to take the slippers when she captures Dorothy, but receives a painful shock. She then realizes that the slippers will only come off if the wearer is dead, so she decides to kill Dorothy. Before she does, however, Dorothy accidentally splashes her with a bucket of water, causing her to melt away. In the end, Glinda reveals that Dorothy can return home by simply closing her eyes, clicking the slippers' heels together three times, and repeating the sentence, "There's no place like home."

[[File:Arabic ruby slippers.jpg|thumb|right|The curled-toe "Arabian" ruby slippers on display at the auction of the collection of [[Debbie Reynolds]] in [[Beverly Hills]] on June 18, 2011]]
The slippers were designed by [[Gilbert Adrian]], MGM's chief costume designer.<ref name="NMAH">{{Cite web |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/news/factsheet.cfm?key=30&newskey=4 |title=Dorothy's Ruby Slippers |publisher=National Museum of American History |access-date=May 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325042118/http://americanhistory.si.edu/news/factsheet.cfm?key=30&newskey=4 |archive-date=March 25, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=LATimes/> Initially, two pairs were made in different styles. The so-called "Arabian test pair" was "a wildly jeweled, Arabian motif, with curling toes and heels."<ref name=LATimes/> This pair was used in costume tests,<ref name="SI"/> but was rejected as unsuitable for Dorothy's Kansas farmgirl image.<ref name=LATimes/> The second design was approved with one modification. The red [[Seed bead#Bugle beads|bugle beads]] used to simulate rubies proved too heavy, so they were mostly replaced with [[sequin]]s, about 2,300 for each shoe.<ref name=LATimes/>

At least six or seven pairs of the final design are believed to have been made. According to producer [[Mervyn LeRoy]], "We must have had five or ten pairs of those shoes".<ref name="Oz, Aljean Harmetz p. 308">''The Making of the Wizard of Oz'', Aljean Harmetz, p. 308</ref> The wardrobe woman who worked on the film claimed "six identical pairs" had been made.<ref name=LATimes/> Four pairs used in the movie have been accounted for. Rhys Thomas speculates that they were likely made by Joe Napoli of the Western Costume Company,<ref name=LATimes/> and not all at once, but as the need arose. According to Rhys Thomas in his ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' article, "all the ruby slippers are between Size 5 and 6, varying between B and D widths."<ref name=LATimes/>

The four surviving pairs were made from white silk [[court shoe|pumps]] from the Innes Shoe Company in Los Angeles. Many movie studios used plain white silk shoes at the time because they were inexpensive and easy to dye. It is likely that most of the shoes worn by female characters in ''The Wizard of Oz'' were plain Innes shoes with varying heel heights dyed to match each costume. There is an embossed gold or silver stamp or an embroidered cloth label bearing the name of the company inside each right shoe.<ref name=LATimes/>

The shoes were dyed red, and burgundy sequined organza overlays were attached to each shoe's upper and heel. The three-strip Technicolor film process required the sequins to be darker than most modern red sequins; bright red sequins would have appeared as orange on screen.<ref name=LATimes/> Two weeks before the start of shooting, Adrian added butterfly-shaped red strap leather bows.<ref name=SI/> Each of the [[Art Deco]]-inspired bows had three large, rectangular, red-glass jewels with dark red bugle beads outlined in red glass rhinestones in silver settings. The stones and beads were sewn to the bows, then to the organza-covered shoe. Three pairs of the surviving slippers had orange felt glued to their soles to deaden the sound of Garland dancing on the [[Yellow brick road|Yellow Brick Road]].<ref name="NMAH"/>

One pair, known as "the People's Shoes," is on display at the Smithsonian Institution. However, the shoes do not belong together; their actual mates are the mismatched pair (left sized 5C, right 5BC) stolen in 2005 and recovered in 2018.<ref name="SI2018"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2019/05/19/dorothys-stolen-ruby-slippers-a-bizarre-tale-of-obsession-small-town-gossip-and-a-police-hunt-that-took-13-years.html |title=Dorothy's stolen ruby slippers: a bizarre tale of obsession, small-town gossip and a police hunt that took 13 years |first=Elizabeth Evitts |last=Dickinson |date=May 19, 2019 |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref>

Another pair, the close-up or insert shoes, which is in the best shape of all, appears to be better made, has no orange felt on the soles, and has "#7 Judy Garland" written in the lining.  According to the [[Library of Congress]], "it is widely believed that they were used primarily for close-ups and possibly the climactic scene where Dorothy taps her heels together."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/oz/ozsect2.html |title=Ruby Slippers from MGM Film |date=21 April 2000 |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=April 21, 2010}}</ref> Circular scuff marks on the soles support the theory that they were the ones Garland had on when she clicked her heels together.<ref name=Starpulse/>  The lack of felt indicates these were likely also the shoes taken from the feet of the dead Wicked Witch of the East (since the soles are visible in the film),<ref name=Starpulse>{{cite web |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2011/09/22/dorothys_ruby_slippers_from_the_wizard |title=Dorothy's Ruby Slippers From 'The Wizard Of Oz' For Sale |publisher=starpulse.com |date=September 22, 2011 |access-date=October 3, 2011}}</ref> hence their nickname: the "Witch's Shoes".<ref name=LATimes2/>

The last known pair may have been made for Bobbie Koshay, Garland's [[stunt double]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/the-ruby-slippers-return-to-the-museum-of-american-history-30678090/ |title=The Ruby Slippers Return to the Museum of American History |author=Jesse Rhodes |date=November 18, 2008 |magazine=Smithsonian}}</ref> This is most likely the size 6B pair (owned first by Roberta Bauman, then Anthony Landini, and currently by David Elkouby) whose lining says "Double" instead of "Judy Garland". However, some believe this pair may have been the second pair created, therefore explaining the "Double" in the lining, but still worn by Garland and Koshay.<ref name=Profiles>{{cite web |url=http://bid.profilesinhistory.com/Judy-Garland-Dorothy-Gale-screen-worn-ruby-slippers-from-The-Wizard-of-Oz_i11537055 |title=Judy Garland "Dorothy Gale" screen-worn ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz |publisher=[[Profiles in History]] |access-date=January 26, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131191429/http://bid.profilesinhistory.com/Judy-Garland-Dorothy-Gale-screen-worn-ruby-slippers-from-The-Wizard-of-Oz_i11537055 |archive-date=January 31, 2013 }}</ref> Several pairs of Garland's own shoes are size 6{{frac|1|2}}. Also, Garland can be seen wearing this pair in photos taken after the film's primary shooting was finished in 1939.

In the film sequence where trees pelt the Scarecrow with their apples, Garland can be briefly glimpsed wearing black shoes instead of the slippers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers-blooper/ |title=Does 'The Wizard of Oz' Contain This Ruby Slippers Blooper? |first=Bethania |last=Palma |date=July 20, 2022 |publisher=[[Snopes]]}}</ref>