Editing SPSS (section)

==Versions and ownership history==

* SPSS 1 - 1968 
* SPSS 2 - 1983
* SPSS 5 - 1993
* SPSS 6.1 - 1995
* SPSS 7.5 - 1997
* SPSS 8 - 1998
* SPSS 9 - 1999
* SPSS 10 - 1999
* SPSS 11 - 2002
* SPSS 12 - 2004
* SPSS 13 - 2005
* SPSS 14 - 2006
* SPSS 15 - 2006
* SPSS 16 - 2007
* SPSS 17 - 2008
* PASW 17 - 2009
* PASW 18 - 2009
* SPSS 19 - 2010
* SPSS 20 - 2011
* SPSS 21 - 2012
* SPSS 22 - 2013
* SPSS 23 - 2015
* SPSS 24 - 2016, March<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics - IBM Data Science Community|url=https://community.ibm.com/community/user/datascience/blogs/douglas-stauber/2016/03/15/whats-new-in-ibm-spss-statistics-24|access-date=2021-06-30|website=community.ibm.com}}</ref>
* SPSS 25 - 2017, July<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics - IBM Data Science Community|url=https://community.ibm.com/community/user/datascience/blogs/douglas-stauber/2017/07/18/whats-new-in-spss-statistics-25-amp-subscription|access-date=2021-06-30|website=community.ibm.com}}</ref>
* SPSS 26 - 2018
*SPSS 27 - 2019, June<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics 27 - What's New {{!}} New Features, Functionality and Packaging overview|url=https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/mathew-mathew1/2020/06/16/whats-new-in-spss-statistics-27,%20https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/mathew-mathew1/2020/06/16/whats-new-in-spss-statistics-27|access-date=2021-06-30|website=community.ibm.com|language=en}}</ref> (and 27.0.1 in November, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics - IBM Data Science Community|url=https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/todd-peterson1/2020/11/20/spss-statistics-on-macos-big-sur-110,%20https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/todd-peterson1/2020/11/20/spss-statistics-on-macos-big-sur-110|access-date=2021-06-30|website=community.ibm.com|language=en}}</ref>)
*SPSS 28 - 2021, May<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics - IBM Data Science Community|url=https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/brent-gardiner/2021/05/24/whats-new-in-spss-statistics-28,%20https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/brent-gardiner/2021/05/24/whats-new-in-spss-statistics-28|access-date=2021-06-30|website=community.ibm.com|language=en}}</ref>
*SPSS 29 - 2022, Sept<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |title=IBM SPSS Statistics_29.0.x |url=https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/ibm-spss-statistics290x |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en}}</ref>
*SPSS 30 - 2024, Sept<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=What's new in IBM SPSS Statistics 30.0.0 |url=https://community.ibm.com/community/user/ai-datascience/blogs/indira-kumar2/2024/09/22/whats-new-in-ibm-spss-statistics-3000 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=community.ibm.com |language=en}}</ref>

SPSS was released in its first version in 1968 as the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) after being developed by [[Norman H. Nie]], Dale H. Bent, and C. Hadlai Hull. Those principals incorporated as [[SPSS Inc.]] in 1975. Early versions of SPSS Statistics were written in [[Fortran]] and designed for [[batch processing]] on [[mainframes]], including for example [[IBM System/370|IBM]] and [[ICL 2900 Series|ICL]] versions, originally using [[punched cards]] for data and program input. A processing run read a command file of SPSS commands and either a raw input file of fixed-format data with a single record type, or a 'getfile' of data saved by a previous run. To save precious computer time an 'edit' run could be done to check command syntax without analysing the data. From version 10 (SPSS-X) in 1983, data files could contain multiple record types.

Prior to SPSS 16.0, different versions of SPSS were available for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Mac OS X]] and [[Unix]].

SPSS Statistics version 13.0 for [[Mac OS X]] was not compatible with [[Intel]]-based Macintosh computers, due to the [[Rosetta (software)|Rosetta emulation software]] causing errors in calculations. SPSS Statistics 15.0 for Windows needed a downloadable hotfix to be installed in order to be compatible with [[Windows Vista]].

From version 16.0, the same version runs under Windows, Mac, and Linux. The [[graphical user interface]] is written in [[Java (programming language)|Java]]. The Mac OS version is provided as a [[Universal binary]], making it fully compatible with both PowerPC and Intel-based Mac hardware.

SPSS Inc announced on July 28, 2009, that it was being acquired by [[IBM]] for US$1.2 billion.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/ibm-to-pay-us1-2-billion-for-spss/|title=IBM to pay US$1.2 billion for SPSS|date=July 28, 2009|author=Larry Dignan|website=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> Because of a dispute about ownership of the name "SPSS", between 2009 and 2010, the product was referred to as PASW (Predictive Analytics SoftWare).<ref>{{Citation|last=Sachdev|first=Ameet|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-09-27/business/0909250481_1_predictive-analytics-software-spss-norman-nie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206165217/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-09-27/business/0909250481_1_predictive-analytics-software-spss-norman-nie|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 6, 2012|title=IBM's $1.2 billion bid for SPSS Inc. helps resolve trademark dispute|work=Chicago Tribune|date=September 27, 2009|mode=cs1}}</ref> As of January 2010, it became "SPSS: An IBM Company". Complete transfer of business to IBM was done by October 1, 2010. By that date, SPSS: An IBM Company ceased to exist. IBM SPSS is now fully integrated into the IBM Corporation, and is one of the brands under IBM Software Group's Business Analytics Portfolio, together with [[Algorithmics Inc.|IBM Algorithmics]], [[Cognos|IBM Cognos]] and [[OpenPages|IBM OpenPages]].

Companion software in the "IBM SPSS" family are used for [[data mining]] and [[text mining|text analytics]] ([[SPSS Modeler|IBM SPSS Modeler]]), realtime [[credit score|credit scoring services]] ([[IBM SPSS Collaboration and Deployment Services]]), and structural equation modeling ([[IBM SPSS Amos]]).

SPSS Data Collection and SPSS Dimensions were sold in 2015 to UNICOM Systems, Inc., a division of [[UNICOM Global]], and merged into the integrated software suite [[UNICOM Intelligence]] (survey design, survey deployment, data collection, data management and reporting).<ref>{{cite web|title=IBM SPSS Data Collection Divestiture|url=https://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/announce/spss-data-collection/|access-date=7 June 2017|date=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UNICOM Global Acquires IBM Data Collection Suite from IBM Corp|url=https://teamblue.unicomsi.com/news-and-events/news/unicom-global-acquires-ibm-data-collection-suite-ibm-corp/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813112537/http://teamblue.unicomsi.com/news-and-events/news/unicom-global-acquires-ibm-data-collection-suite-ibm-corp/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 13, 2016|access-date=7 June 2017|date=31 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamblue.unicomsi.com/products/unicom-intelligence/|title=UNICOM Systems TeamBLUE: UNICOM Intelligence|website=Teamblue.unicomsi.com|access-date=19 August 2019}}</ref>

==={{Visible anchor|IDA}} (Interactive Data Analysis)===
'''IDA (Interactive Data Analysis)'''<ref>or Analyzer</ref> was a software package that originated at what was formerly the National Opinion Research Center ([[NORC at the University of Chicago|NORC]]), at the [[University of Chicago]]. Initially offered on the [[HP-2000]],<ref name=IDA.JSTOR>{{Cite journal
   |title=IDA: An Approach to Interactive Data Analysis in Teaching |journal=The Journal of Business |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=411–451
   |jstor=2352233  |last1=Ling  |first1=Robert F  |last2=Roberts  |first2=Harry V  |year=1975  |doi=10.1086/295765}}</ref> somewhat later, under the ownership of SPSS, it was also available on [[MUSIC/SP]].<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=Benchmarks|title=IDA Statistical Package Available on MUSIC|date=May 1985|volume=6|number=5|publisher=North Texas State University
|url=https://it.unt.edu/sites/default/files/benchmarks-05-1985.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808140054/https://it.unt.edu/sites/default/files/benchmarks-05-1985.pdf|archive-date=2018-08-08}}</ref> [[Regression analysis]] was one of ''IDA''<nowiki/>'s strong points.<ref name=IDA.JSTOR/>

==={{Visible anchor|SCSS}} - Conversational / Columnar SPSS===
'''SCSS''' was a software product intended for online use of IBM mainframes.
<ref>{{cite book
|title=SCSS: A User's Guide to the SPSS Conversational Statistical System
|isbn=978-0070465336
|year=1980
|last1=Nie
|first1=Norman H.
|publisher=McGraw-Hill
}}</ref>

Although the "C" was for "conversational", it also represented a distinction regarding how the data was stored: it used a [[column-oriented DBMS|column-oriented]] rather than a row-oriented (internal) database.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

This gave good interactive response time for the SPSS Conversational Statistical System (SCSS), whose strong point, as with SPSS, was Cross-tabulation.<ref>{{cite news
|newspaper=ComputerWorld  |date=September 26, 1977  |page=28
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uz8cDDHy64IC
|title=SCSS from SPSS, Inc}}</ref>

=== Project NX ===
In October 2020, IBM announced the start of an Early Access Program for the "New SPSS Statistics", codenamed '''Project NX.'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics - IBM Data Science Community|url=https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/angela-jamerson1/2020/10/07/experience-the-new-spss-statistics,%20https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/angela-jamerson1/2020/10/07/experience-the-new-spss-statistics|access-date=2021-06-30|website=community.ibm.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription Early Access - Project NX|url=https://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/5534919/305ecb1bc849?ob=yes|access-date=2021-06-30|website=www.surveygizmo.com|language=en-us}}</ref> It contains "many of your favorite SPSS capabilities presented in a new easy to use interface, with integrated guidance, multiple tabs, improved graphs and much more".

In December, 2021, IBM opened up the Early Access Program for the next generation of SPSS Statistics for more users and shared more visuals about it.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Experience the next generation: IBM SPSS Statistics Early Access Program|url=https://community.ibm.com/datascience/blogs/hafsah-lakhany1/2021/12/13/experience-the-next-generation|access-date=2021-12-15|website=community.ibm.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SPSS Statistics Early Access Program - Overview|url=https://mediacenter.ibm.com/media/SPSS+Statistics+Early+Access+Program+-+Overview/1_t9yd70iu|access-date=2021-12-15|website=IBM MediaCenter|language=en}}</ref>