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Salt marsh
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== Worldwide occurrence == Saltmarshes across 99 countries (essentially worldwide) were mapped by Mcowen et al. 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Mcowen|first1=Chris|last2=Weatherdon|first2=Lauren|last3=Bochove|first3=Jan-Willem|last4=Sullivan|first4=Emma|last5=Blyth|first5=Simon|last6=Zockler|first6=Christoph|last7=Stanwell-Smith|first7=Damon|last8=Kingston|first8=Naomi|last9=Martin|first9=Corinne|date=2017-03-21|title=A global map of saltmarshes|journal=Biodiversity Data Journal|language=en|volume=5|issue=5|pages=e11764|doi=10.3897/bdj.5.e11764|pmid=28765720|pmc=5515097|issn=1314-2828 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A total of 5,495,089 hectares of mapped saltmarsh across 43 countries and territories are represented in a Geographic Information Systems polygon shapefile. This estimate is at the relatively low end of previous estimates (2.2β40 Mha). A later study conservatively estimated global saltmarsh extent as 90,800 km<sup>2</sup> (9,080,000 hectares).<ref name="Murray et al. 2022">{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=Nicholas J. |last2=Worthington |first2=Thomas A. |last3=Bunting |first3=Pete |last4=Duce |first4=Stephanie |last5=Hagger |first5=Valerie |last6=Lovelock |first6=Catherine E. |last7=Lucas |first7=Richard |last8=Saunders |first8=Megan I. |last9=Sheaves |first9=Marcus |last10=Spalding |first10=Mark |last11=Waltham |first11=Nathan J. |last12=Lyons |first12=Mitchell B. |title=High-resolution mapping of losses and gains of Earth's tidal wetlands |journal=Science |date=13 May 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6594 |pages=744β749 |doi=10.1126/science.abm9583|pmid=35549414 |bibcode=2022Sci...376..744M |s2cid=248749118 |url=http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/50771054/abm9583_CombinedPDF_v5.pdf }}</ref> The most extensive saltmarshes worldwide are found outside the tropics, notably including the low-lying, ice-free coasts, bays and estuaries of the North Atlantic which are well represented in their global polygon dataset.<ref name=":0" />
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