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Satmar
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===Transylvania=== [[Chananya Yom Tov Lipa Teitelbaum]] was the Grand Rebbe of the [[Siget (Hasidic dynasty)|Sighet Hasidic dynasty]]. He died in 1904, and was succeeded by his oldest son, [[Chaim Tzvi Teitelbaum]]. A few Sighet Hasidim preferred his second son, [[Joel Teitelbaum|Joel]], as their leader. Joel Teitelbaum left the town of [[Sighetu Marmației|Máramarossziget]], and, on 8 September 1905, he settled in Szatmárnémeti (in Yiddish: Satmar). His Sighet supporters followed him, and he began to attract a following. Hungarian journalist Dezső Schön, who researched the Teitelbaum rabbis in the 1930s, wrote that Teitelbaum started referring to himself as the "Rebbe of Satmar" at that time.<ref name="schon" /><ref name="rubin" /> Teitelbaum's power base grew with the years. In 1911, he received his first rabbinical post as chief rabbi of [[Irshava|Ilosva]]. In 1921, the northeastern regions of Hungary were ceded to [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Romania]], under the terms of the [[Treaty of Trianon]]. This area was densely populated with a segment of [[Orthodox Jewry]] known as [[Unterlander Jews]]. Many Sziget Hasidim, unable to regularly visit Chaim Tzvi's court, turned to Joel Teitelbaum instead.<ref name="kohen" /> In 1925, Teitelbaum was appointed chief rabbi of [[Carei]] (Nagykároly). On 21 January 1926, Chaim Tzvi died unexpectedly, leaving his twelve-year-old son [[Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (II)|Yekusiel Yehuda]] to succeed him. Their mother emphasized Joel as successor, her grandson being too young for the position, and Joel returned to Sziget. However, Chaim Tzvi's followers would only accept Joel as a trustee-leader until Yekusiel became old enough. Although Teitelbaum was highly regarded, he was not well-liked there. Under these conditions, Teitelbaum would have become the dynasty's head in all but name,<ref name="shyarts" /> which was nevertheless unacceptable for him and his mother, and they left Sziget again. In 1928, Teitelbaum was elected as chief rabbi of Szatmárnémeti itself. The appointment resulted in bitter strife within the Jewish community, and he only accepted the post in 1934.<ref name="schon" />{{rp|320}} Teitelbaum rose to become a prominent figure in [[strictly Orthodox]] circles, leading an uncompromisingly conservative line against modernization. Among other issues, he was a fierce opponent of [[Zionism]] and [[World Agudath Israel|Agudath Israel]]. The Jewish population of Hungary was spared wholesale destruction by the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] until 1944. On 19 March 1944, the German Army occupied the country, and deportations to the concentration camps ensued. Teitelbaum sought to re-assure the frightened people who, for the most part, weren't able to leave Hungary, saying that by the merit of their religiosity, they would be saved. When the Germans invaded, he was saved by his devoted followers, who paid a huge ransom to have him included in the passenger list of the [[Kastner train]]. Teitelbaum reached Switzerland on the night of 7–8 December 1944, and soon immigrated to [[Mandatory Palestine]]. Many of Satmar's Jews were murdered by the Nazis.<ref name="YIVO">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Satu_Mare|title=Satu Mare|author=Tamás Csíki |encyclopedia=The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe}}</ref>
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