Editing Selangor (section)

== History ==
{{See also|History of Malaysia}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:10px"
!style="background: white;"|<span style="color:black;">'''Historical affiliations'''</span>
!style="background: white;"|<span style="color:black;">'''Period'''</span>
|-
|style="background:Yellow;" | '''[[Malacca Sultanate]]'''
|style="background:red;" |<span style="color:white">1400–1511</span>
|-
|style="background:Yellow;"| [[File:Flag of Johor (1855–1865).svg|border|25px]] '''[[Johor Sultanate]]'''
|style="background:red;"|<span style="color:white">1528–1765</span>
|-
|style="background:Yellow;"| {{flagicon|Selangor}} '''[[Selangor Sultanate]]'''
|style="background:red;"|<span style="color:white">1766–present</span>
|-
|style="background:Yellow;"| {{flagicon|Federated Malay States}} '''[[Federated Malay States]]'''
|style="background:red;"|<span style="color:white">1895–1941</span>
|-
| style="background:Yellow;" | {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} '''[[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Empire of Japan]]'''
| style="background:red;" |<span style="color:white">1941–1945</span>
|-
| style="background:Yellow;" |{{flagicon|Malayan Union}} '''[[Malayan Union]]'''
| style="background:red;" |<span style="color:white"> 1946–1948</span>
|-
| style="background:Yellow;" |{{flagicon|Malaya}} '''[[Federation of Malaya]]'''
| style="background:red;" |<span style="color:white"> 1948–1963</span>
|-
| style="background:Yellow;" | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} '''[[Malaysia]]'''
| style="background:red;" |<span style="color:white"> 1963–present</span>
|}

The most important settlement of the area in the ancient period may have been [[Klang (city)|Klang]]. Ancient artefacts including [[Bronze Age]] axes and a bronze [[Klang Bell|bell]] dating from the 2nd century BC,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=247695&partId=1&place=10424&plaA=10424-3-2&page=1|title=bell|website=British Museum}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikSQw_-8gboC&pg=PA228 |title=The Kettledrums of Southeast Asia: A Bronze Age World and Its Aftermath – August Johan Bernet Kempers – Google Books |date= 1 January 1988|access-date=17 September 2013|isbn=9789061915416 |last1=Bernet Kempers |first1=A. J. |publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Traces of a Bronze Age Culture Associated With Iron Age Implements in the Regions of Klang and the Tembeling, Malaya |author=W. Linehan|journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=24 |issue =3 (156) |date=October 1951|pages= 1–59|publisher= Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society|jstor = 41502997}}</ref> and iron tools called "''tulang mawas''" ("ape bones") have been found in or near Klang.<ref name="winstedt">{{cite journal |title=A History of Selangor|author=R. O. Winstedt |journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume= 12 |issue= 3 (120) | date=October 1934 |pages= 1–34|publisher= Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |jstor = 41559525}}</ref> The [[Mao Kun map]] dating to the [[Ming dynasty]] and used by the Admiral [[Zheng He]] during his expeditions between 1405 and 1433 refers to places in Selangor such as the [[Klang River]] estuary (吉令港) and perhaps a hilly area.<ref name="kuala selangor">{{cite web |work=Kuala Selangor District Council|url=http://mdks.gov.my/web/guest/latarbelakangkualaselangor |title=Latar Belakang Kuala Selangor (Malay)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517015305/http://mdks.gov.my/web/guest/latarbelakangkualaselangor |archive-date=17 May 2009 |access-date= 7 June 2010}}</ref> The ''[[Malay Annals]]'' indicate that the Selangor area was under the control of the [[Sultanate of Malacca]] in the 15th century; however, Selangor at that time was not a unified domain—separate river states such as Klang and Jeram existed in the region.<ref name="winstedt"/> According to the ''Malay Annals'', [[Tun Perak]] was appointed the chief of Klang during the reign of [[Muzaffar Shah of Malacca|Muzaffar Shah]]. Later, Paduka Sri Cina, the son of [[Mansur Shah of Malacca|Mansur Shah]] and [[Hang Li Po]] was made raja of Jeram near Langat, which may be due to the presence of Chinese miners there.<ref name="winstedt"/>

[[File:British Museum Asia 36.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Klang Bell]], dated 200 BC – 200 AD]]

After the [[Capture of Malacca (1511)|fall of Malacca]] to the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] in 1511, the area came under the control of [[Johor Sultanate]] and was later governed by Sri Agar Diraja, son of the [[Bendahara]] family of Johor.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore |author=Tan Ding Eing|page=81 |publisher=Oxford University Press |date= 1975  |isbn= 978-0195807226}}</ref> In the 17th century, Johor was involved in a war against [[Jambi]], and the Sultan of Johor engaged the help of [[Bugis]] mercenaries from [[Sulawesi]] to fight against Jambi.<ref name="tan">{{cite book |title=A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore |author=Tan Ding Eing |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1978|isbn=978-0195807226|page=22 }}</ref> After Johor won, the Bugis stayed and started to gain power in the region.<ref name="baker">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRaJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 | title=Crossroads (2nd Edn): A Popular History of Malaysia and Singapore |author= Jim Baker| publisher=Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd|isbn=978-9814516020 |pages=64–65 | date=15 July 2008 }}</ref> Initially there were only a few hundred Bugis who settled in the estuaries of the Selangor and Klang rivers as well as Linggi further south in the early 17th century, later when the Bugis had gained position of influence in Johor (the Bugis were given the position of Yam Tuan Muda having helped repel an attack from [[Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura|Siak]]), much larger number settled in Selangor by 1723. The most prominent of the Bugis were a group of five brothers.<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of Selangor (1766–1939) |first=J. M. |last=Gullick|pages=5–6 |date=1998 |publisher=Falcon Press}}</ref> Some [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabaus]], who mainly settled in [[Negeri Sembilan]], may have also settled in Selangor by the 17th century, perhaps earlier.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JSSH%20Vol.%2020%20(3)%20Sep.%202012/23%20pg%20931-948.pdf|last1=Bungo|first1=N.|last2=Hussin|first2=Nordin|last3=Omar|first3=Rahilah|last4=Bidin|first4=Aishah|title=Early settlements of the minangkabaus community in Selangor|journal=Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities|date=September 2012|volume=20|issue=3|pages=931–947|access-date=11 June 2019|archive-date=29 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829092903/http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/Pertanika%20PAPERS/JSSH%20Vol.%2020%20(3)%20Sep.%202012/23%20pg%20931-948.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bugis and the [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabaus]] from [[Sumatra]] struggled for control of Johor; [[Raja Kecil]], backed by the Minangkabaus, invaded but were driven off by the Bugis. In order to establish a power base, [[Salehuddin of Selangor|Raja Salehuddin]], the son of Daeng Cellak (one of the five Bugis brothers) became Tengku Raja Selangor and founded the present hereditary [[Selangor Sultanate]] with its capital at [[Kuala Selangor]] in 1766.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRaJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71 | title=Crossroads (2nd Edn): A Popular History of Malaysia and Singapore |author= Jim Baker| publisher=Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd|isbn=978-9814516020 |page=71 | date=15 July 2008 }}</ref> Selangor is unique as the only state on the Malay Peninsula that was founded by the Bugis.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore |author=Tan Ding Eing|page=74 |publisher=Oxford University Press |date= 1975  |isbn= 978-0195807226}}</ref>

In the 19th century, the economy of Selangor boomed due to the exploitation of its tin reserves; mining occurred in various parts of Selangor, for example in [[Ampang, Kuala Lumpur|Ampang]], that led to the growth of [[Kuala Lumpur]]. In 1854, the Sultan of Selangor granted Raja Abdullah control of [[Klang District|Klang]], passing over Raja Mahdi, the son of the chief who previously ruled Klang, which led to the [[Selangor Civil War]] fought between 1867 and 1874. The war between the Malay factions was also partly a struggle for control of the tin revenue.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Story of Kuala Lumpur, 1857-1939 |author= J.M. Gullick |publisher=Eastern Universities Press (M) |pages=17–18 |year=1983 |isbn=978-9679080285}}</ref> Tin mining had attracted a large number of Chinese migrant labourers, and Chinese clans allied with Selangor chiefs also joined the civil war. The conflicts between Malay and Chinese factions in Perak and Selangor, as well as concerns over piracy that affected coastal trade, led to increasing British involvement in the affairs of the Malay states.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yookbQZ-0yUC&pg=PA139|title= South East Asia, Colonial History: Peaceful transitions to independence (1945-1963)|author= Paul H. Kratoska |page=139|publisher=Routledge |year= 2000 |isbn=978-0415247849 }}</ref>

[[File:Kota Darul Ehsan, Kuala Lumpur-Selangor.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The [[Kota Darul Ehsan]] arch over the [[Federal Highway, Malaysia|Federal Highway]], which was built to commemorate the cession of [[Kuala Lumpur]] by Selangor to the federal government to form a Federal Territory.]]
In 1874, Sultan [[Abdul Samad of Selangor]] accepted a [[British Resident]] in a system that allowed the British to govern while the Sultan remained the apparent ruler. Klang was the capital of the British colonial administration of Selangor from 1875 until 1880 when it was moved to Kuala Lumpur. Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered. In 1896, largely through the coordination of the Resident [[Frank Swettenham]], Selangor united with [[Negeri Sembilan]], [[Perak]] and [[Pahang]] to form the [[Federated Malay States]], with [[Kuala Lumpur]] as its capital.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Benfield|first1=H. Conway|title=Handbook of The Federated Malay States|url=http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/handbookfms.pdf|website=sabrizain.org|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>

The Federated Malay States evolved into the [[Federation of Malaya]] in 1948, which became independent in 1957. The federation became known as Malaysia in 1963, when its existing states federated with the other British colonies of [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|Sarawak]], [[Crown Colony of North Borneo|North Borneo]] and [[Colony of Singapore|Singapore]]. The city of [[Kuala Lumpur]] functioned as the national capital of Malaysia and as the state capital of Selangor. In 1974, Selangor relinquished Kuala Lumpur to the federal government.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[New Straits Times]]|title=The Birth of a Metropolis ..A Moment of History For All .|date=29 January 1974|access-date=25 October 2010|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Y90qAAAAIBAJ&pg=1417,3052818&dq=kuala+lumpur+federal+territory&hl=en}}</ref> The Sultan of Selangor commemorated the city's transfer by building an archway on the borders of the new Federal Territory and Selangor; this archway is the [[Kota Darul Ehsan]] that straddles a section of the [[Federal Highway, Malaysia|Federal Highway]] between [[Bangsar]] and [[Petaling Jaya]]. The state capital was moved to [[Shah Alam]] after the cession.

[[Putrajaya]], a new city designed to be the new administrative capital of Malaysia, was built by the federal government in Selangor; [[Salahuddin of Selangor|Sultan Salahuddin]] was asked again to cede land to the federal government.<ref>{{cite news|title=Putrajaya milik Persekutuan, Selangor dibayar RM200 juta|url=http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&dt=1108&pub=utusan_malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=fp_02.htm|access-date=23 May 2018|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|date=8 November 2000|archive-date=23 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523173545/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2000&dt=1108&pub=utusan_malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=fp_02.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Putrajaya became a federal territory in 2001.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM isytihar Putrajaya sebagai Wilayah Persekutuan|url=http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2001&dt=0202&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_02.htm|access-date=23 May 2018|work=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|date=2 February 2001|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821000021/http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2001&dt=0202&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Muka_Hadapan&pg=mh_02.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>