Editing Sequence database (section)

== History ==

=== 1950 ===
The need for sequence databases originated in 1950 when Fredrick Sanger reported the primary structure of insulin. He won his second Nobel Prize for creating methods for sequencing nucleic acids, and his comparative approach is what sparked other protein biochemists to begin collecting amino acid sequences. Thus marking the beginning of molecular databases.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Hagen |first=Joel B. |title=The Origin and Early Reception of Sequence Databases |date=2011 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-987-1_4 |work=Data Mining in Proteomics: From Standards to Applications |pages=61–77 |editor-last=Hamacher |editor-first=Michael |series=Methods in Molecular Biology |volume=696 |place=Totowa, NJ |publisher=Humana Press |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-60761-987-1_4 |pmid=21063941 |isbn=978-1-60761-987-1 |access-date=2022-05-05 |editor2-last=Eisenacher |editor2-first=Martin |editor3-last=Stephan |editor3-first=Christian|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== 1960 ===
In 1965 Margaret Dayhoff and her team at the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) published ''"The Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure".'' They put all know protein sequences in the ''Atlas'', even unpublished material. This can be seen as the first attempt to create a molecular database. They made use of the newly computerized (1964) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The team used computers to store the data but had to manually type and proofread each sequence, which had a high cost in time and money.<ref name=":0" />

In 1966 the team released the second edition of the ''Atlas,'' double the size of the first. It contained about 1000 sequences, and this time was coined as an information explosion. The National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) was on the cutting edge of utilizing computers for medicine and biology at this time. Dayhoff and her team made use of their facilities for determining amino acid sequences of protein molecules in mainframe computers. The number of discovered sequences continued to grow allowing for a deeper comparative analysis of proteins than ever before. This led to many developments such as, probabilistic models of amino acid substitutions, sequence aligning and phylogenetic trees of evolutionary relationships of proteins.<ref name=":0" />

=== 1970 ===

Entire sequencing process became fully automated.<ref name=":0" />

=== 1980 ===
The first nucleotide sequence database was created. Previously known as the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Nucleotide Sequence Data Library (now known as European Nucleotide archive). [[Human Genome Project]] began in 1988. The project's goal was sequence and map all the genes in a human which required the capability to create and utilize a large sequence database.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History < EMBL-EBI |url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/history |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=www.ebi.ac.uk}}</ref>

=== Present day ===
We now have many sequence databases, tools for using them and easy access to them. One of the largest being [[GenBank]] which contains over 2 billion sequences.<ref name=":0" />

=== Timeline ===
[[File:Sequence Database Timeline.png|thumb|661x661px|Timeline for the creation of sequence databases.|center]]