Editing Serialism (section)

===Twelve-tone serialism===
Serialism of the first type is most specifically defined as a structural principle according to which a recurring series of ordered elements (normally a [[Set (music)|set]]—or [[Tone row|row]]—of pitches or [[pitch class]]es) is used in order or manipulated in particular ways to give a piece unity. "Serial" is often broadly used to describe all music written in what Schoenberg called "The Method of Composing with Twelve Notes related only to one another",{{sfn|Schoenberg|1975|p=218}}{{sfn|Anon.|2008}} or [[Twelve-tone technique|dodecaphony]], and methods that evolved from his methods. It is sometimes used more specifically to apply only to music in which at least one element other than pitch is treated as a row or series. Such methods are often called ''post-Webernian serialism''. Other terms used to make the distinction are ''twelve-note serialism'' for the former and ''integral serialism'' for the latter.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carey |first=Christian |date=January 2024 |title=The Cambridge Companion to Serialism, ed. Martin Iddon, Cambridge University Press, 2023, 418 pp. £29.99. - Joseph N. Straus, The Art of Post-Tonal Analysis, Thirty-Three Graphic Analyses, Oxford University Press, 2022, 230 pp. £64.00. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0040298223000712/type/journal_article |journal=Tempo |language=en |volume=78 |issue=307 |pages=97–101 |doi=10.1017/S0040298223000712 |issn=0040-2982|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

A row may be assembled pre-compositionally (perhaps to embody particular intervallic or symmetrical properties), or derived from a spontaneously invented thematic or motivic idea. The row's structure does not in itself define the structure of a composition, which requires development of a comprehensive strategy. The choice of strategy often depends on the relationships contained in a row class, and rows may be constructed with an eye to producing the relationships needed to form desired strategies.{{sfn|Mead|1985|pp=129–130}}

The basic set may have additional restrictions, such as the requirement that it use each [[interval (music)|interval]] only once.{{cn|date=December 2020}}