Editing Sexual identity (section)

===Identities===
* '''[[Asexuality]]''' is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert L. Crooks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isIaCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT300|title=Our Sexuality |author2=Karla Baur|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1305887428|page=300|access-date=January 4, 2017}}</ref> It may also be categorized more widely to include a broad spectrum of [[Gray asexuality|asexual sub-identities]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scherrer|first=Kristin|year=2008|title=Coming to an Asexual Identity: Negotiating Identity, Negotiating Desire |journal=Sexualities|volume=11|issue=5|pages=621–641|doi=10.1177/1363460708094269|pmc=2893352|pmid=20593009}}</ref> Asexuality is distinct from [[sexual abstinence|abstention from sexual activity]] and from [[celibacy]].<ref name="Halter">{{cite book |author=Margaret Jordan Halter |title=Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing |author2=Elizabeth M. Varcarolis|publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4557-5358-1|page=382 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZ15AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA382 |access-date=May 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100659/https://books.google.com/books?id=mZ15AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA382|archive-date=July 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DePaulo">{{cite magazine|last=DePaulo|first=Bella |date=September 26, 2011|title=ASEXUALS: Who Are They and Why Are They Important?|magazine=[[Psychology Today]] |url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/200912/asexuals-who-are-they-and-why-are-they-important|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001112720/https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/200912/asexuals-who-are-they-and-why-are-they-important|archive-date=October 1, 2015|access-date=December 13, 2011}}</ref>
* '''[[Aromanticism]]''' is defined as "having little or no romantic feeling towards others: experiencing little or no romantic desire or attraction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aromantic Definition & Meaning – Merriam-Webster|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aromantic|access-date=25 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-29|title=Never Been Interested in Romance? You Could Be Aromantic|url=https://psychcentral.com/health/what-is-aromantic|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Psych Central|language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Bisexuality]]''' describes a pattern of attraction toward both males and females,<ref name="apa">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx|archive-date=August 8, 2013 |access-date=August 10, 2013|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]}}</ref> or to more than one sex or gender.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019 |title=Understanding Bisexuality |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |url=https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/bisexual |access-date=March 8, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217111552/https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/bisexual|archive-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref> A bisexual identity does not necessarily equate to equal sexual attraction to both sexes; commonly, people who have a distinct but not exclusive sexual preference for one sex over the other also identify themselves as bisexual.<ref name="Rosario et al." />
* '''[[Heterosexuality]]''' describes a pattern of attraction to persons of the opposite sex.<ref name="apa" /> The term ''straight'' is commonly used to refer to heterosexuals.<ref name="Bailey16">{{cite journal |last1=Bailey |first1=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |author4-link=Marc Breedlove |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |date=2016 |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Heterosexuals are by far the largest sexual identity group.<ref name="Bailey16" />
* '''[[Homosexuality]]''' describes a pattern of attraction to other persons of the same sex.<ref name="apa" /> The term ''[[lesbian]]'' is commonly used to refer to homosexual women, and the term ''[[gay]]'' is commonly used to refer to homosexual men, although ''gay'' is sometimes used to refer to women as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=GLAAD Media Reference Guide |url=http://www.glaad.org/files/MediaReferenceGuide2010.pdf |access-date=September 25, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112111339/http://www.glaad.org/files/MediaReferenceGuide2010.pdf|archive-date=November 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmady|first=Kameel|date=2023-05-11 |title=Investigating the Dynamics of the Iranian LGBT Community from Legal and Religious Perspectives |journal=Lampyrid: The Journal of Bioluminescent Beetle Research |volume=13 |pages=846–869 |issn=2041-4900 |url=https://lampyridjournal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/192 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Pansexuality]]''' describes attraction towards people regardless of their sex or [[gender identity]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Mental health issues in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities |editor-last1=Hill |editor-first1=Marjorie J. |editor-last2=Jones |editor-first2=Billy E. |year=2002 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-069-2 |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0NxXRsIfcpgC |access-date=February 28, 2011 |archive-date=January 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123123940/https://books.google.com/books?id=0NxXRsIfcpgC |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Marshall Cavendish |title=Sex and Society |volume=2 |year=2010 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-7907-9 |page=593 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YtsxeWE7VD0C&pg=PA593 |access-date=July 28, 2013 |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104031747/https://books.google.com/books?id=YtsxeWE7VD0C&pg=PA593 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pansexual people may refer to themselves as gender-blind, asserting that gender and sex are not determining factors in their romantic or sexual attraction to others.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Lisa M. |last2=Butterworth |first2=Molly |title=Questioning gender and sexual identity: dynamic links over time |journal=[[Sex Roles (journal)|Sex Roles]] |volume=59 |issue=5–6 |pages=365–376 |doi=10.1007/s11199-008-9425-3 |date=September 2008 |s2cid=143706723 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lisa_Diamond4/publication/225748244_Questioning_Gender_and_Sexual_Identity_Dynamic_Links_Over_Time/links/587adec408aed3826ae7bd8b/Questioning-Gender-and-Sexual-Identity-Dynamic-Links-Over-Time.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110061624/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lisa_Diamond4/publication/225748244_Questioning_Gender_and_Sexual_Identity_Dynamic_Links_Over_Time/links/587adec408aed3826ae7bd8b/Questioning-Gender-and-Sexual-Identity-Dynamic-Links-Over-Time.pdf |archive-date=November 10, 2017}}</ref>{{efn|The ''[[Oxford Dictionary of English]]'' defines pansexual as: "Not limited in sexual choice with regard to biological sex, gender, or gender identity".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/pansexual |title=Definition of ''pansexual'' in English: |publisher=Oxford Dictionaries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210180124/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/pansexual |archive-date=2015-02-10 |url-status=dead |access-date=2015-05-31}}</ref>}} Pansexuality is sometimes considered a type of bisexuality.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestein|first=Beth A.|title=Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan |page=9 |year=2007 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-13724-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9 |access-date=July 28, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204020834/https://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9}}</ref>
* '''{{vanchor|Polysexuality}}'''{{Efn|Not to be confused with [[Polyamory]].}} has been defined as "encompassing or characterized by many different kinds of sexuality",<ref>[[John Simpson (lexicographer)|Simpson, John]] (ed.) (2009). ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', ''[[Oxford University Press]]'', US, {{ISBN|9780199563838}}</ref> and as sexual attraction to many, but not all, genders.<ref name="tucker">[[Mykel Board|Board, Mykel]]. "Pimple No More." In Tucker, Naomi S. (ed.) ''Bisexual Politics: Theories, Queries, and Visions''. [[Routledge]], {{ISBN|9781560238690}}</ref>{{rp|pp=281–287}} Those who use the term may be doing so as a replacement for the term ''bisexual'', believing ''bisexual'' reifies [[dichotomy|dichotomies]].<ref>Garnets, Linda; Kimmel, Douglas C. (2003). ''Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences.'' [[Columbia University Press]], {{ISBN|9780231124133}}</ref> Major [[monotheistic]] religions generally prohibit polysexual activity, but some religions incorporate it into their practices.<ref>[[Loraine Hutchins|Hutchins, Loraine]]; [[H. Sharif Williams|Williams, H. Sharif]] (2011). ''Sexuality, Religion and the Sacred: Bisexual, Pansexual and Polysexual Perspectives.'' [[Taylor & Francis]], {{ISBN|9780415783040}}</ref> ''Polysexuality'' is also considered to be another word for bisexuality however unlike bisexuals, polysexuals are not necessarily attracted to people of the same gender.<ref name="tucker" />{{rp|p=322}}<ref name=a33013910>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Gabrielle |date=2020-06-30 |title=Polysexual |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sexopedia/a33013910/polysexual/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Cosmopolitan |language=en}}</ref> Polysexuality is under what some people would call the "[[bisexual community|bisexual umbrella]]", sometimes seen as the non-[[Monosexuality|monosexual]] spectrum.<ref name=a33013910/><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Colleen |last1=Murphy |date=May 27, 2021 |title=Here's What It Means to Identify as Polysexual, According to Experts |website=Health.com |url=https://www.health.com/mind-body/health-diversity-inclusion/polysexual |access-date=2021-10-26 |language=en |url-status=deviated |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124205611/https://www.health.com/mind-body/health-diversity-inclusion/polysexual}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Quit Censoring My (And Others') Bi Identities |url=http://bi.org/en/articles/quit-censoring-my-and-others-bi-identities/ |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Bi.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatel |first=Amanda |date=September 6, 2021 |title=What Does Polysexual Mean? |url=https://www.shape.com/lifestyle/sex-and-love/what-is-polysexual |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Shape |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Polysexuality? |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-polysexuality |access-date=2021-07-08 |website=WebMD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Victoria |date=2021-06-15 |title=#TuesdayTerms: Bi/Pan/Omni/Polysexual |url=https://positivesexuality.org/tuesday-terms-bi-pan-omni-polysexual/ |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Center for Positive Sexuality |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-18 |title=An Affirmation of Polysexuality |url=https://www.letterstostrangers.org/single-post/2020/08/17/an-affirmation-of-polysexuality |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=Letters to Strangers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qué es una persona polisexual y cuáles son sus características |url=https://www.milenio.com/estilo/polisexual-que-es-caracteristicas-de-la-polisexualidad |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=www.milenio.com |language=es-MX}}</ref>
* '''{{vanchor|Sapiosexuality}}'''{{Efn|Not to be confused with "[[Sapphism|sapphic]]", an umbrella term for women attracted to women.}} describes attraction to the intelligence of another person.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/04/368441691/sapiosexual-seeks-same-a-new-lexicon-enters-online-dating-mainstream|title=Sapiosexual Seeks Same: A New Lexicon Enters Online Dating Mainstream|last=Ulaby|first=Neda|date=December 4, 2014|website=National Public Radio|access-date=March 4, 2019|archive-date=August 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808125705/https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/04/368441691/sapiosexual-seeks-same-a-new-lexicon-enters-online-dating-mainstream|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dolan|first=Eric W. |date=2018-01-04|title=Study of sapiosexuality suggests some people really are sexually attracted to intelligence |url=https://www.psypost.org/2018/01/study-sapiosexuality-suggests-people-really-sexually-attracted-intelligence-50526|access-date=2022-11-18|website=PsyPost|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Gignac>{{cite journal |last1=Gignac |first1=Gilles E. |last2=Darbyshire |first2=Joey |last3=Ooi |first3=Michelle |title=Some people are attracted sexually to intelligence: A psychometric evaluation of sapiosexuality |journal=[[Intelligence (journal)|Intelligence]] |date=2018 |volume=66 |pages=98–111 |doi=10.1016/j.intell.2017.11.009}}</ref> The prefix ''sapio-'' comes from the Latin for "I [have] taste" or "I [have] wisdom" and refers to a person's preferences, proclivities, and common sense.<ref>{{cite web |title=Latin Word Study Tool |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=sapio&la=la#lexicon |access-date=2019-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129080404/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=sapio&la=la#lexicon |archive-date=November 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Sapiosexual-identifying individuals can also be gay, straight, or bisexual.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/02/nyregion/the-hottest-body-part-for-a-sapiosexual-its-the-brain.html |title=The Hottest Body Part? For a Sapiosexual, It's the Brain|last=North|first=Anna|date=June 2, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 6, 2019|archive-date=August 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808125705/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/02/nyregion/the-hottest-body-part-for-a-sapiosexual-its-the-brain.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.therecord.com/living-story/7211102--sapiosexual-yes-there-s-an-app-for-that/|title='Sapiosexual': yes, there's an app for that|last=McKnight|first=Zoe|date=March 27, 2017|website=The Record|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-date=March 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328093552/http://www.therecord.com/living-story/7211102--sapiosexual-yes-there-s-an-app-for-that/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is not a [[sexual orientation]].<ref name="nyt" /><ref name="dailybeast" /> It first gained mainstream attention in 2014 when dating website [[OkCupid]] added it as one of several new sexual orientation and gender identity options.<ref name="nyt" /> About 0.5% of OkCupid users identify as sapiosexual, and it was most common among those ages 31–40.<ref name="nyt" /> Women are more likely to identify as sapiosexual than men.<ref name=Gignac/> Critics responded that sapiosexuality is "[[Elitism|elitist]]", "[[Discrimination|discriminatory]]", and "pretentious".<ref name="nyt" /><ref name="dailybeast">{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/pretentious-is-not-a-sexual-orientation |title=Pretentious Is Not A Sexual Orientation |last=Allen |first=Samantha |date=April 18, 2015 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=March 11, 2019 |archive-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013132642/https://www.thedailybeast.com/pretentious-is-not-a-sexual-orientation |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sex-and-relationships/are-you-a-sapiosexual-that-s-the-term-bouncing-around-the-sphere-of-social-media/story-vPlS3J03BIQQ9OH3lYtFjL.html|title=Are you a sapiosexual? That's the term bouncing around the sphere of social media|last=Dogra|first=Aditya|date=June 7, 2017 |website=Hindustan Times|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-date=October 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011200224/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sex-and-relationships/are-you-a-sapiosexual-that-s-the-term-bouncing-around-the-sphere-of-social-media/story-vPlS3J03BIQQ9OH3lYtFjL.html|url-status=live}}</ref> OkCupid removed the identity on February 11, 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender and Orientation on OkCupid |website=OkCupid.com |url=https://help.okcupid.com/article/208-gender-and-orientation-on-okcupid |access-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127234747/https://help.okcupid.com/article/208-gender-and-orientation-on-okcupid |url-status=live}}</ref> following what it described as "considerable negative feedback".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/sapiosexuals-people-who-only-have-sex-with-smart-people/|title=People Who Only Want to Fuck Smart People Created Their Own 'Sexual Orientation'|date=December 6, 2016|access-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206154349/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43gd5p/sapiosexuals-people-who-only-have-sex-with-smart-people|archive-date=December 6, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''[[Relationship anarchy]]''' applies [[Anarchism|anarchist]] principles to intimate relationships. Its practice has no norms but tends towards criticism of western relationship norms, absence of demands and expectations on partners, and lack of distinction between friendships and romantic relationships.<ref name="DeLamaterPlante2015">{{cite book |last1=DeLamater |first1=John |last2=Plante |first2=Rebecca F. |title=Handbook of the Sociology of Sexualities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0d3yCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 |year=2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-17341-2 |page=230 |access-date=December 6, 2020|archive-date=November 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102083001/https://books.google.com/books?id=0d3yCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 |url-status=live}}</ref>