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Sexual objectification
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===General=== The sexual objectification of women involves them being viewed primarily as an object of heteronormative male sexual desire, rather than as a whole person.<ref name=Barry>{{cite book |last=Barry |first=Kathleen |contribution=Pornography: the ideoloy of cultural sadism |editor-last=Barry |editor-first=Kathleen |title=Female sexual slavery |page=247 |publisher=NYU Press |location=New York London |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-8147-1069-2 }}</ref><ref name=LeMoncheck>{{cite book |last=LeMoncheck |first=Linda |contribution=I only do it for the money: pornography, prostitution, and the business of sex |editor-last=LeMoncheck |editor-first=Linda |title=Loose women, lecherous men a feminist philosophy of sex |page=[https://archive.org/details/loosewomenlecher00lemo/page/133 133] |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, New York |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-19-510556-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/loosewomenlecher00lemo/page/133 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Szymanski |first1=Dawn M. |last2=Moffitt |first2=Lauren B. |last3=Carr |first3=Erika R. |title=Sexual objectification of women: advances to theory and research |journal=[[The Counseling Psychologist]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=6β38 |doi=10.1177/0011000010378402 |date=January 2011 |s2cid=17954950 |url=http://www.apa.org/education/ce/sexual-objectification.pdf}}</ref> Although opinions differ as to which situations are objectionable, many see the objectification of women taking place in the sexually oriented depictions of women in advertising, art and media, [[pornography]], the occupations of [[Striptease|stripping]] and [[prostitution]], and women being brazenly evaluated or judged sexually or aesthetically in public spaces and events, such as [[beauty contest]]s.<ref name=Jhally>{{cite AV media |last=Jhally |first=Sut (director) |author-link=Sut Jhally |date=1997 |title=Dreamworlds II: desire, sex, power in music |medium=Documentary |location=USA |publisher=[[Media Education Foundation]]}}</ref> Some feminists and psychologists<ref name=fredrickson2>{{Cite journal |last1=Fredrickson |first1=Barbara L. |last2=Roberts |first2=Tomi-Ann |title=Objectification theory: toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks |journal=[[Psychology of Women Quarterly]] |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=173β206 |doi=10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x |date=June 1997|s2cid=145272074 }}</ref> argue that sexual objectification can lead to negative psychological effects including [[eating disorder]]s, [[depression (mood)|depression]] and [[sexual dysfunction]], and can give women negative [[self-image]]s because of the belief that their intelligence and competence are currently not being, nor will ever be, acknowledged by society.<ref name=:0 /> Sexual objectification of women has also been found to negatively affect women's performance, confidence, and level of position in the workplace.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Counseling Psychologist |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=6β38 |first1=Dawn M. |last1=Szymanski |first2=Lauren B. |last2=Moffitt |first3=Erika R. |last3=Carr |date=2011 |doi=10.1177/0011000010378402 |title=Sexual Objectification of Women: Advances to Theory and Research |s2cid=17954950 |url=https://www.apa.org/education-career/ce/sexual-objectification.pdf |access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref> How objectification has affected women and society in general is a topic of academic debate, with some saying girls' understanding of the importance of appearance in society may contribute to feelings of [[fear]], [[shame]], and [[disgust]] during the transition to womanhood,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Janet |title=Menarche and the (hetero)sexualization of the female body |journal=[[Gender & Society]] |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=343β362 |doi=10.1177/089124394008003004 |date=September 1994|s2cid=144282688 }}</ref> and others saying that young women are especially susceptible to objectification, as they are often taught that [[Power (sociology)|power]], [[respect]], and [[wealth]] can be derived from one's outward appearance.<ref name=apareport>{{Cite report |title=Report of the American Psychological Association task force on the sexualization of girls, executive summary |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |location=Washington, DC |year=2010 |url=http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf |access-date=19 February 2007}}</ref>
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